Search results for "Gentamicins"
showing 10 items of 25 documents
Intratympanic gentamicin treatment after endolymphatic sac surgery.
2005
Interval treatment with up to three intratympanic gentamicin injections once weekly effectively controlled vertigo while preserving hearing in patients with Ménière's disease and recurrent or resistant vertigo after saccotomy.Recurrent or resistant incapacitating vertigo may occur after endolymphatic sac surgery (saccotomy) in patients with Ménière's disease. In these patients, revision saccotomy, vestibular nerve section or labyrinthectomy are the established treatment options. We advocate a once-weekly application of intratympanic gentamicin (12 mg) as an effective alternative in this group of patients.Five patients (age range 39-65 years) with definite Ménière's disease according to the …
Development of antibiotic loaded biodegradable matrices to prevent superficial infections associated to total knee arthroplasty.
2019
Abstract Development of a pharmaceutical form for the superficial infections related with arthroplasties would be helpful for clinical practice. In this context, we set out to evaluate ciprofloxacin and gentamicin elution from systems based on chitosan. Films and semisolid hydrogels containing chitosan alone (2%) or in combination with gelatin (6%) or different proportions (from 12% to 36%) of tetrakis-(hydroxymethyl)-phosphonium-chloride (THPC) were tested as delivery systems. Different antibiotic doses were assayed (0.5 mg/cm2,1 mg/cm2 and 2 mg/cm2). Antibiotic release was studied for each formulation. In vitro cytocompatibility studies and a simulation exercise for bioactivity evaluation…
Treatment of Ménière's disease by low-dosage intratympanic gentamicin application: effect on otolith function.
2007
Objectives: The intratympanic application of a low dosage of gentamicin is increasingly favored as treatment for Meniere's disease. While posttreatment observations have confirmed a long-term success of the therapy of vertigo attacks, clear differences in the posttreatment recovery interval can be observed. In addition to differences in central-vestibular compensation, the degree of peripheral vestibular damage, i.e., to the saccule, utricle, and semicircular canal ampullae, varies among patients. This study provides comprehensive pre- and posttreatment results from unilateral functional tests of the individual vestibular receptors and of the cochlea in patients with Meniere's disease. Stud…
Abscess of the orbit arising 48 h after root canal treatment of a maxillary first molar
2006
Aim To discuss a rare, but severe complication arising following routine root canal treatment. Summary An orbital abscess is reported that occurred following routine root canal treatment. A young, healthy female patient, with no history of chronic paranasal infection had undergone root canal treatment of the right maxillary first molar. On hospital admission, she presented with extensive periorbital swelling and discreet diplopia. Computed tomography imaging identified massive purulent sinusitis and subsequent involvement of the orbit via the inferior and medial orbital wall within 48 h after completion of root canal treatment. Immediate surgical drainage of the maxillary sinus and the or…
Efficacy and safety of combined diclofenac 0.1 % and gentamicin 0.3 eyedrops after phacoemulsification
1997
To study the efficacy of combined diclofenac 0.1% and gentamicin 0.3% (Digen) eyedrops to treat postoperative inflammation and prevent ocular infection in eyes having phacoemulsification.Department of Ophthalmology, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Milan; Eye Clinic, University of Verona; and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Palermo, Italy.This double-masked, randomized, clinical trial comprised 90 patients; 45 received Digen and 45, gentamicin 0.3% eyedrops. The main outcome measure of the study was the reduction in signs and symptoms of inflammation, graded on a four-point scale. Also assessed were the presence of bacteria in the conjunctival swab and the proportion of p…
Gentamicin alters Akt-expression and its activation in the guinea pig cochlea
2015
Gentamicin treatment induces hair cell death or survival in the inner ear. Besides the well-known toxic effects, the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) pathway was found to be involved in cell protection. After gentamicin application, the spatiotemporal expression patterns of Akt and its activated form (p-Akt) were determined in male guinea pigs. A single dose of 0.1 mL gentamicin (4 mg/ear/animal) was intratympanically injected. The auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded prior to application and 1, 2 and 7 days afterward. At these three time points the cochleae (n=10 in each case) were removed, transferred to fixative and embedded in paraffin. Seven ears were used as u…
Beneficial Read-Through of aUSH1CNonsense Mutation by Designed Aminoglycoside NB30 in the Retina
2010
PURPOSE. The human Usher syndrome (USH) is the most frequent cause of inherited combined deaf-blindness. USH is clinically and genetically heterogeneous, assigned to three clinical types. The most severe type is USH1, characterized by profound inner ear defects and retinitis pigmentosa. Thus far, no effective treatment for the ophthalmic component of USH exists. The p.R31X nonsense mutation in USH1C leads to a disease causing premature termination of gene translation. Here, we investigated the capability of the novel synthetic aminoglycoside NB30 for the translational read-through of the USH1C-p.R31X nonsense mutation as a retinal therapy option. METHODS. Read-through of p.R31X by three com…
Replication of subgenomic hepatitis C virus RNAs in a hepatoma cell line.
1999
An estimated 170 million persons worldwide are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), a major cause of chronic liver disease. Despite increasing knowledge of genome structure and individual viral proteins, studies on virus replication and pathogenesis have been hampered by the lack of reliable and efficient cell culture systems. A full-length consensus genome was cloned from viral RNA isolated from an infected human liver and used to construct subgenomic selectable replicons. Upon transfection into a human hepatoma cell line, these RNAs were found to replicate to high levels, permitting metabolic radiolabeling of viral RNA and proteins. This work defines the structure of HCV replicons funct…
Long-Term Results after Interval Therapy with Intratympanic Gentamicin for Meni??re???s Disease
2004
Objectives The new single-shot and interval treatment for Meniere's disease with gentamicin was designed to avoid cochlear damage during treatment with gentamicin. Methods To date, 90 patients were treated with the single-shot or interval gentamicin therapy. Fifty-seven cases of Meniere's disease were followed up prospectively between 2 and 4 years. During one treatment series, a maximum of three intratympanic gentamicin injections within 15 days were applied, each consisting of 0.3 mL (12 mg) of gentamicin (days 1, 8, and 15). Thirty of these 57 patients (53%) needed only one injection to be controlled (single-shot treatment). Results Vertigo attacks were completely controlled in 95% and p…
Comparative study of the effect of gentamicin on the vestibulo-ocular and visual vestibulo-ocular reflexes in the cat.
1991
The ototoxic effect of an aminoglycoside, gentamicin, on the vestibular system was investigated in cats given daily doses of 40 mg/kg i.m. for 14 days. Periodically, measurements were made of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and visual vestibulo-ocular reflex (ViVOR) responses induced by rotatory stimuli at various frequencies from 0.0125 Hz to 0.8 Hz. After the cessation of drug administration, a progressively declining response to VOR stimuli continued, manifested by gain (ratio of peak response to peak stimulus amplitude) and phase relationships. The ViVOR was affected only in the gain measurements. The changes in the response amplitude (gain) were greater for the VOR than for the ViVOR…