Search results for "Genus"

showing 10 items of 755 documents

Birman's conjecture for singular braids on closed surfaces

2003

Let M be a closed oriented surface of genus g≥1, let Bn(M) be the braid group of M on n strings, and let SBn(M) be the corresponding singular braid monoid. Our purpose in this paper is to prove that the desingularization map η : SBn(M)→ℤ[Bn(M)], introduced in the definition of the Vassiliev invariants (for braids on surfaces), is injective.

[ MATH.MATH-GT ] Mathematics [math]/Geometric Topology [math.GT]MonoidPure mathematics[ MATH.MATH-GR ] Mathematics [math]/Group Theory [math.GR]Braid group20F36Group Theory (math.GR)01 natural sciences[MATH.MATH-GR]Mathematics [math]/Group Theory [math.GR]Mathematics - Geometric TopologyMathematics::Group Theory[MATH.MATH-GT]Mathematics [math]/Geometric Topology [math.GT]Mathematics::Category TheoryMathematics::Quantum AlgebraGenus (mathematics)0103 physical sciencesFOS: MathematicsBraid0101 mathematicsMathematics[MATH.MATH-GT] Mathematics [math]/Geometric Topology [math.GT][MATH.MATH-GR] Mathematics [math]/Group Theory [math.GR]Algebra and Number TheoryConjecture010102 general mathematicsGeometric Topology (math.GT)20F36;57M27Braid theorySurface (topology)Mathematics::Geometric TopologyInjective function57M27010307 mathematical physicsMathematics - Group Theory
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Finite index subgroups of mapping class groups

2011

Let g ≥ 3 and n ≥ 0, and let Mg,n be the mapping class group of a surface of genus g with n boundary components. We prove that Mg,n contains a unique subgroup of index 2g−1(2g − 1) up to conjugation, a unique subgroup of index 2g−1(2g + 1) up to conjugation, and the other proper subgroups ofMg,n are of index greater than 2g−1(2g+1). In particular, the minimum index for a proper subgroup of Mg,n is 2g−1(2g − 1). AMS Subject Classification. Primary: 57M99. Secondary: 20G40, 20E28. 0 Introduction and statement of results The interaction between mapping class groups and finite groups has long been a topic of interest. The famous Hurwitz bound of 1893 showed that the mapping class group of a clo…

[ MATH.MATH-GT ] Mathematics [math]/Geometric Topology [math.GT][ MATH.MATH-GR ] Mathematics [math]/Group Theory [math.GR]General MathematicsGroup Theory (math.GR)01 natural sciencesUpper and lower bounds[MATH.MATH-GR]Mathematics [math]/Group Theory [math.GR]CombinatoricsMathematics - Geometric Topologysymbols.namesake57M99SubgroupGenus (mathematics)[MATH.MATH-GT]Mathematics [math]/Geometric Topology [math.GT]0103 physical sciencesFOS: MathematicsOrder (group theory)0101 mathematicsQuotientMathematicsRiemann surface010102 general mathematicsGeometric Topology (math.GT)Mapping class groupOrientation (vector space)symbols010307 mathematical physicsMathematics - Group Theory
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Nouvelles données sur le genre Bragasellus (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae

1996

From now on, the genus Bragasellus Henry & Magniez, 1968 includes 2 oculated and 17 stygobiotic species. As a natural and monophyletic taxonomic unit, we consider it a good genus. Its original area corresponds to the north-west quarter of the Iberian Peninsula. Secondarily, this area has extended eastward, using mainly the alluvial channels of hydrographic systems (Ríos Douro + Ebro and tributaries), finally reaching the underground waters of several Mediterranean rivers. This active expansion is exclusively due to the migration of two stygobiotic sibling species: B. lagari Henry & Magniez, 1973 towards the high basin of the Río Tajo, then downstream to the basins of the Ríos Jucar and Turi…

active expansionnew speciesMediterranean climategeographygeography.geographical_feature_categorystygobiontsStructural basinzoogeographyArchaeologyBragasellustaxonomyMonophylyrecent alluvial depositsPeninsulaGenusTributaryGeneral Earth and Planetary SciencesAlluviumHydrographyIberian PeninsulaGeneral Environmental ScienceBijdragen tot de Dierkunde
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Number, identity, and sequence of the Drosophila head segments as revealed by neural elements and their deletion patterns in mutants.

1994

The development of the insect head tagma involves massive rearrangements and secondary fusions of segment anlagen during embryogenesis. Due to the lack of reliable morphological markers, the number, identity, and sequence of the head segments, particularly in the pregnathal region, are still a matter of ongoing debates. We examined the complex array of internal structures of the embryonic Drosophila melanogaster head such as the sensory structures and nerves of the peripheral and stomatogastric nervous systems, and we used embryonic head mutations causing a lack of overlapping segment anlagen to unravel the segmental identity and the sequence of the neural elements. Our results provide evid…

animal structuresHead (linguistics)media_common.quotation_subjectMorphogenesisInsectPeripheral Nervous SystemMorphogenesisAnimalsDrosophila ProteinsDrosophila (subgenus)TagmaSequence (medicine)media_commonHomeodomain ProteinsGeneticsMultidisciplinarybiologyPhylogenetic treeGenes Homeoboxbiology.organism_classificationDrosophila melanogasterInsect HormonesImmunologic TechniquesDrosophila melanogasterHeadResearch ArticleTranscription FactorsProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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Patterns of Puffing Activity in the Polytene Chromosomes of Drosophila Subobscura

1982

The puffs and Balbiani rings are the visible expression of sites of genetic activity (Beerman, 1952). Since Beermann’s original hypothesis, puffing patterns for several species of Diptera have been described. Thus for the genus Drosophila, Ashburner (1967, 1969a and 1969b) has reported the puffing pattern of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans, Beredens (1965) of Drosophila hydei, and Moriwaki and Ito (1969) of Drosophila ananassae. In a previous paper Frutos and Latorre (1981) have determined puffing patterns of the J and U chromosomes of Drosophila subobscura. This species shows a rich chromosomal polymorphism and the puffing pattern of several chromosomal rearrangements of th…

animal structuresPolytene chromosomebiologyEvolutionary biologyBalbiani RingsDrosophila ananassaefungiDrosophila hydeiChromosomal polymorphismDrosophila melanogasterDrosophila (subgenus)biology.organism_classificationDrosophila subobscura
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Molecular mechanisms in developmental biology.

1996

Some general molecular mechanisms underlying development are described. Namely: those involved in the differentiation of the R7 receptor in Drosophila embryonic retina; those involved in the determination of embryonic axes and in polar cell differentiation, in Drosophila; those involved in the determination of the AB and P cell lineage and in vulva differentiation in Caenorhabditis embryos.

animal structuresbiologyCellular differentiationfungiEmbryoCell BiologyGeneral Medicinebiology.organism_classificationEmbryonic stem cellCell biologyVulvaCaenorhabditisAnimalsRNADrosophilaFemalePhotoreceptor CellsSignal transductionDrosophila (subgenus)Caenorhabditis elegansDevelopmental biologyMolecular BiologyCaenorhabditis elegansDevelopmental BiologyCell biology international
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Thilachium madagascariense (Capparaceae), a new species from eastern Madagascar with a key to the species of the genus

2021

SummaryThilachium madagascariense Fici, a small tree characterised by 1-foliolate leaves with articulate petioles, leaf blades elliptic or narrowly obovate with base attenuate and apex acuminate, flowers in groups of 2 – 3 at the top of lateral twigs and a high number of stamens, is described and illustrated from forest habitats of eastern Madagascar. The new species is similar to T. laurifolium Baker, a species endemic to central and eastern Madagascar, differing in the longer leaves with acuminate apex, flowers conferted at the top of lateral twigs, shorter pedicels, higher number of stamens and shorter gynophore. Its affinities are discussed and an updated key is provided for all the spe…

biologyAcuminateCapparaceaePlant Sciencebiology.organism_classificationApex (geometry)Plant ecologyendemism historical collections 1-foliolate leaves taxonomy.GenusPedicelBotanyKey (lock)Ecology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsGynophoreKew Bulletin
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A peculiar new Orthotrichum species (Orthotrichaceae, Bryopsida) from central Argentina

2007

A new epiphytic Orthotrichum species (Orthotrichum spiculatum F. Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka sp. nov.) is described from the sierra of Cordoba (Argentina). The new species has most of the characteristics of subgenus Pulchella (Schimp.) Vitt, but it is unique because of having eight exostome teeth pairs and 16 broad, strongly papillose endostome segments. Additionally, its upper leaves have green, acuminate, dentate–spiculate apices. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 155, 477–482.

biologyAcuminateZoologyPlant Sciencebiology.organism_classificationBryopsidaPulchellaOrthotrichumBotanyTaxonomy (biology)EpiphyteOrthotrichaceaeSubgenusEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsBotanical Journal of the Linnean Society
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Revision of Hermadion Kinberg, 1856, with a redescription of Hermadion magalhaensi Kinberg, 1856, Adyte hyalina (G.O. Sars, 1873) n. comb. and Neopol…

2010

Examination of all species previously referred to the genus Hermadion revealed that the type species, H. magalhaensi Kinberg, 1856, is the only valid species in the genus. H. magalhaensi is redescribed and its synonymy with Hermadion longicirratus Kinberg, 1856, Hermadion kerguelensis McIntosh, 1885, and Lagisca laevis Hartmann-Schroder, 1962, is discussed. The generic attribution of 12 species that had already been moved from Hermadion to other genera by earlier authors is confirmed. Following our re-examination four species are moved to other genera: Harmothoe ornatus (Hartman, 1967) n. comb., Harmothoe africanus (Hartman, 1974) n. comb., Adyte hyalina (G.O. Sars, 1873) n. comb., and Neop…

biologyAnnelidaZoologyIdentification keyPolychaetaBiodiversitybiology.organism_classificationNeopolynoeType speciesPhyllodocidaGenusAnimaliaAnimal Science and ZoologyTaxonomy (biology)HarmothoePolynoidaeNomen nudumPolynoidaeEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsTaxonomyZootaxa
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Phylogeny of snapdragon species (Antirrhinum; Scrophulariaceae) using non-coding cpDNA sequences

2005

Antirrhinum is an Old World genus of up to 25 perennial taxa, mainly located in the western Mediterranean basin. A molecular analysis of 24 taxa of Antirrhinum was undertaken using cpDNA sequences from the trnT (UGU)-trnL (UAA) 5' exon region. The Kimura two-parameter model was chosen to calculate pairwise nucleotide divergence values between cpDNA sequences, and a bootstrapped neighbor-joining dendrogram was constructed from the nucleotide divergence distance matrix. Eighteen sites were variable across the studied samples and the position of 7 indels, ranging from 1 to 7 bp, was inferred from the sequence alignment. Several trnT-trnL sequences are identical in: some members of subsection K…

biologyAntirrhinumDendrogramSequence alignmentPlant ScienceSubspeciesbiology.organism_classificationChloroplast DNAGenusPhylogeneticsBotanyIndelAgronomy and Crop ScienceEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsIsrael Journal of Plant Sciences
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