Search results for "Geriatrics"

Sepsis in head and neck cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and radiation: literature review and consensus

2015

Abstract: The reporting of infection/sepsis in chemo/radiation-treated head and neck cancer patients is sparse and the problem is underestimated. A multidisciplinary group of head and neck cancer specialists from Italy met with the aim of reaching a consensus on a clinical definition and management of infections and sepsis. The Delphi appropriateness method was used for this consensus. External expert reviewers then evaluated the conclusions carefully according to their area of expertise. The paper contains seven clusters of statements about the clinical definition and management of infections and sepsis in head and neck cancer patients, which had a consensus. Furthermore, it offers a revie…

Development of a European consensus from dentists, dental hygienists and physicians on a standard for oral health care in care-dependent older people…

2020

ObjectivesThis study aimed to obtain a consensus on oral health policy, access to dental care, oral hygiene measures and training levels.BackgroundPoor oral health is widespread in care-dependent older people, but no consensus for a minimum standard of oral health care exists yet.MethodsThe e-Delphi approach was applied to a selected panel of interdisciplinary experts. Data analysis was based on three measurements: (a) ≥70% of experts’ opinion fall into category “agree or strongly agree,” (b) median score on the 5-point Likert scale ≥4, (c) interquartile range ≤1.ResultsA total of 31 experts from 17 European countries participated in this survey. Agreement was achieved for a compulsory dent…

Potential Roles of Peroxisomes in Alzheimer's Disease and in Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type

2012

In Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT), the role played by peroxisomes is not well known. Peroxisomes are present in all eukaryotic cells, with the exception of erythrocytes. They are involved in the β-oxidation process of long-chain fatty acids, very-long-chain fatty acids, and branched-chain fatty acids. They participate in the α-oxidation of phytanic acid, the biosynthesis of bile acids, and the breakdown of eicosanoids. Peroxisomes are also involved in the synthesis of specific fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is essential for the brain and retina, and plasmalogens (PLGN), which play crucial roles in neural cells and are essential com…

Retrovirus infection and aging: Increase in UAG suppressor tRNA expression in aged mice.

1994

Summary The effect of aging on expression of a natural glutamine suppressor tRNA (tRNA Gln(UmUG) ) was studied in different tissues of mice; this tRNA recognizes UAG and inserts glutamine at the site of the termination codon. The level of tRNA Gln(UmUG) was found to be strongly increased in aged mice, compared to newborn and mature animals. An elevated expression of tRNA Gln(UmUG) has also been found in retrovirus-infected cells; in Moloney virus-infected cells the suppressor tRNA allows to read-through the UAG codon within the retroviral protease gene. We suggest that the increase in the level of tRNA Gln(UmUG) may influence retroviral gene expression with age.

Resveratrol: distribución, propiedades y perspectivas

2013

Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol which can be found in many plants and fruits, such as peanuts, mulberries, blueberries and, above all, in grapes and red wine. Its synthesis is regulated by the presence of stressful factors, such as fungal contamination and ultra-violet radiation. In plants, it plays a role as a phytoalexin, showing a capacity to inhibit the development of certain infections. Plant extracts which contain resveratrol have been employed by traditional medicine for more than 2000 years. Resveratrol was first isolated, and its properties were initially studied with scientific methods, thirty years ago. Its in vitro properties have been extensively studied and demonstrated. I…

P4‐192: Mechanism of γ‐secretase cleavage: Evidence for independent generation of Aβ42 and Aβ38 peptide species

2008

O2‐04‐04: The metalloprotease meprin beta generates amino‐terminally truncated beta‐amyloid peptide species

2012

SART and Individual Trial Mistake Thresholds: Predictive Model for Mobility Decline

2021

The Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) has been used to measure neurocognitive functions in older adults. However, simplified average features of this complex dataset may result in loss of primary information and fail to express associations between test performance and clinically meaningful outcomes. Here, we describe a new method to visualise individual trial (raw) information obtained from the SART test, vis-à-vis age, and groups based on mobility status in a large population-based study of ageing in Ireland. A thresholding method, based on the individual trial number of mistakes, was employed to better visualise poorer SART performances, and was statistically validated with bin…

Physical activity and exercise in mild cognitive impairment and dementia::an umbrella review of intervention and observational studies

2020

Objectives:\ud \ud The aim of this umbrella review was to determine the effect of physical activity/exercise on improving cognitive and noncognitive outcomes in people with MCI (mild cognitive impairment) and dementia.\ud \ud Design:\ud \ud Umbrella review of systematic reviews (SR), with or without meta-analyses (MAs), of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies.\ud \ud Settings and Participants:\ud \ud People with MCI or dementia, confirmed through validated assessment measures. Any form of physical activity/exercise was included. As controls, we included participants not following any prespecified physical activity/exercise intervention or following the same standard…

Epigenetic involvement in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome: a mini-review.

2013

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare human genetic disease that leads to a severe premature ageing phenotype, caused by mutations in the <i>LMNA</i> gene. The <i>LMNA</i> gene codes for lamin-A and lamin-C proteins, which are structural components of the nuclear lamina. HGPS is usually caused by a de novo <i>C1824T</i> mutation that leads to the accumulation of a dominant negative form of lamin-A called progerin. Progerin also accumulates physiologically in normal ageing cells as a rare splicing form of lamin-A transcripts. From this perspective, HGPS cells seem to be good candidates for the study of the physiological mechanisms of ageing…