Search results for "Germ Cell"

The histology of ovarian cancer: worldwide distribution and implications for international survival comparisons (CONCORD-2).

2016

OBJECTIVE: Ovarian cancers comprise several histologically distinct tumour groups with widely different prognosis. We aimed to describe the worldwide distribution of ovarian cancer histology and to understand what role this may play in international variation in survival. METHODS: The CONCORD programme is the largest population-based study of global trends in cancer survival. Data on 681,759 women diagnosed during 1995-2009 with cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube, peritoneum and retroperitonum in 51 countries were included. We categorised ovarian tumours into six histological groups, and explored the worldwide distribution of histology. RESULTS: During 2005-2009, type II epithelial tumours…

To Be or Not to Be a Germ Cell: The Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor Paradigm

2021

In the human embryo, the genetic program that orchestrates germ cell specification involves the activation of epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms that make the germline a unique cell population continuously poised between germness and pluripotency. Germ cell tumors, neoplasias originating from fetal or neonatal germ cells, maintain such dichotomy and can adopt either pluripotent features (embryonal carcinomas) or germness features (seminomas) with a wide range of phenotypes in between these histotypes. Here, we review the basic concepts of cell specification, migration and gonadal colonization of human primordial germ cells (hPGCs) highlighting the analogies of transcriptional/epigene…

Nanog Regulates Primordial Germ Cell Migration Through Cxcr4b

2010

Abstract Gonadal development in vertebrates depends on the early determination of primordial germ cells (PGCs) and their correct migration to the sites where the gonads develop. Several genes have been implicated in PGC specification and migration in vertebrates. Additionally, some of the genes associated with pluripotency, such as Oct4 and Nanog, are expressed in PGCs and gonads, suggesting a role for these genes in maintaining pluripotency of the germ lineage, which may be considered the only cell type that perpetually maintains stemness properties. Here, we report that medaka Nanog (Ol-Nanog) is expressed in the developing PGCs. Depletion of Ol-Nanog protein causes aberrant migration of …

The time to prevent mendelian genetic diseases from donated or own gametes has come

2015

SURGERY IN MALIGNANT GERM CELL TUMORS OF CHILDHOOD. RESULTS OF THE SECOND ITALIAN COOPERATIVE STUDY TCG 98

2004

Analysis of treatment and results of the patientsenrolled in the Italian TCG-98 Study, still open and comparison of data with those of the previous Studt TCG-91

Neuronal Cell Nuclear Factor. A Nuclear Receptor Possibly Involved in the Control of Neurogenesis and Neuronal Differentiation

1997

We have cloned from a cDNA library of neuronal derivatives of retinoic-acid-induced embryonic carcinoma cells a nuclear receptor that may be involved in the control of late neurogenesis and early neuronal differentiation. The receptor which is practically identical in sequence with germ cell nuclear factor, has been designated neuronal cell nuclear factor (NCNF). NCNF is exclusively expressed in the neuronal derivatives of PCC7-Mz1 cells, with the expression beginning within hours of exposure to retinoic acid. In the developing mouse brain, NCNF is expressed in the marginal zones of the neuroepithelium which are known to contain young postmitotic neurons. NCNF binds to the DRO sequence ther…

The germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF)

2005

The germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF), which is also known as RTR (retinoid receptor-related testis-associated receptor) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. As a natural ligand remains to be discovered, GCNF is referred to as an orphan receptor. Owing to GCNF's unique features and its distant relation to any other known nuclear receptor it has been classified as the only member of the subgroup six and designated NR6A1 by the Receptor Nomenclature Committee (Duarte et al., 2002: Nucleic Acids Res 30: 364-368). To date, GCNF has been cloned from distinct vertebrate species, including zebrafish, Xenopus laevis, mouse, rat, and human. Cloning and characterization of the gene, domain …

Testicular tumors in childhood: a national report

1993

The authors report preliminary data of an Italian multicentric, retrospective study of primary testicular tumors (PTT) in childhood involving 20 Italian departments of pediatric surgery. Forty cases of PTT were observed during a 10-year period (1977–1987), with yolk-sac tumors being the most frequent (45%). Most testicular tumors were first perceived as a unilateral testicular mass. Scrotal ultrasonography represents the main diagnostic investigation, together with serum marker levels.

786 Fertility-sparing and minimally invasive surgery in patients with stage I malignant ovarian germ cell tumours in Germany

2021

Introduction/Background* Malignant ovarian germ cell tumours (OGCT) often affect women of younger age at an early stage of disease who may desire fertility conservation. The Arbeitsgemeinschaft fuer Gynaekologische Onkologie (AGO) has established a clinicopathological (Current Ovarian geRm cell and SEx cord stromal Tumour Treatment strategies, CORSETT) database to describe treatment strategies and outcomes for these women. Methodology 20 German centres entered mixed retro- and prospective data of 56 FIGO stage I OGCT patients treated between 2000 to 2014 into the CORSETT database. An independent CORSETT pathology reference panel re-evaluated the primary histological diagnosis. A descriptive…

Multipotent adult germline stem cells and embryonic stem cells have similar microRNA profiles.

2008

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) isolated from the adult mouse testis and cultured have been shown to respond to culture conditions and become pluripotent, so called multipotent adult germline stem cells (maGSCs). microRNAs (miRNAs) belonging to the 290 and 302 miRNA clusters have been previously classified as embryonic stem cell (ESC) specific. Here, we show that these miRNAs generally characterize pluripotent cells. They are expressed not only in ESCs but also in maGSCs as well as in the F9 embryonic carcinoma cell (ECC) line. In addition, we tested the time-dependent influence of different factors that promote loss of pluripotency on levels of these miRNAs in all three pluripotent cell t…