Search results for "German"
showing 10 items of 2468 documents
Accessing Citizenship: The Conceptual and Political Changes of the German Naturalization Policy, 1999–2006
2014
This article deals explicitly with the dimension of access in the concept of citizenship and is discussed from the point of view of migration. Access is analyzed in the context of the reform of German citizenship laws in 1999. The state of Hesse is singled out to be used as an example of parliamentary debate on the concepts of citizenship and integration. The point is to explicate the interrelations of the federal legislative reform and the conceptual implications thereof, using a statelevel example (Hesse). peerReviewed
Niemieckie dokumenty katechetyczne ostatniego ćwierćwiecza
2017
Artykuł jest próbą syntetycznego przedstawienia zasadniczych idei, które zostały wyrażone w niemieckich dokumentach katechetycznych ostatniego ćwierćwiecza. Po opublikowaniu w 1997 r. przez Kongregację ds. Duchowieństwa Dyrektorium ogólnego o katechizacji w Niemczech nie pojawiło się narodowe dyrektorium katechetyczne, które uwzględniałoby specyfikę wychowania religijnego w tym kraju i wskazywało zasadnicze kierunki współczesnej katechezy. Niemieccy biskupi podejmowali jednak wielokrotnie zagadnienia związane z wychowaniem religijnym. Wśród tych wypowiedzi na szczególną uwagę zasługują cztery dokumenty: 1. Zeit zur Aussaat. Missionarisch Kirche sein (Czas na siew. Być Kościołem misyjnym) z …
Mentālo slimību kategorizācija un pieņemšana vācu medicīnas studentu vidū
2020
Izmantojot medicīnas antropoloģijas pieeju un Guda un Klainmana darbus, es pētu, kā medicīnas studenti no Vācijas kategorizē mentālas grūtības. "Mentālas grūtības" attiecas uz dažāda līmeņa pieredzēm, kuras pētījuma dalībnieki uzskatīja par nepatīkamām. Balstoties padziļinātās intervijās un līdzdalīgajā novērojumā, es parādu, kā grūtības tiek kategorizētas kā nopietnas/nekaitīgas un normālas/nenormālas. Pirmā atšķirība balstījās pašu student noteiktos konkrētos kritērijos, kamēr grūtību nosaukšana par "normālām" saistījās ar pašu p’et’ijuma dalībnieku studiju pieredzi. Savas un tuvu draugu grūtības tika normalizētas. Lai izprastu šo normalizāciju, es pētīju medicīnas studenta ideālu. Saskar…
Wewnętrzne podziały i opozycja wewnątrzpartyjna w Socjaldemokratycznej Partii Niemiec w drugiej połowie XX wieku
2016
The Social Democratic Party of Germany was (and still is) a political party, in which the existence of different informal groups and clubs (performing the function of the Opposition inside the party) is admissible. After the end of the war and the return of the SPD to a legał activity, there followed - within it - a revival of not only old structures, but also that of old divisions into the leit wing and the right wing, which referred to the ideas of revisionism and questions of reforms capable of changing or maintaining the capitalist political system. With time, there formed two main wings among the democrats: the right wing - known as Kanalarbeiter, and later on Seeheimer Kreis, and the …
O2-Loading Treatment of Ge-Doped Silica Fibers: A Radiation Hardening Process
2016
International audience; The effects of a high-pressure O2-loading treatment on the radiation response of Ge-doped optical fibers (OFs) were investigated. We found that the incorporation of high concentration of interstitial molecular oxygen remarkably enhances the resistance to ionizing radiation of Ge-doped OFs in the UV-Visible domain and, at the same time, improves the transmission of UV light in the unirradiated OF sample. By comparison with previously reported results, the O2-loading treatment turned out to increase the radiation resistance of Ge-doped OFs more efficiently than F or Ce codoping. The understanding of such amelioration relies in basic radiation-induced mechanisms that we…
Optical properties and photosensitivity of vacuum synthesized Ge-doped sol-gel amorphous SiO/sub 2/
2005
We report optical and electron paramagnetic resonance investigations of gamma ray irradiation effects in sol-gel Ge-doped amorphous SiO/sub 2/. The studied materials have Ge-doping levels up to 10/sup 4/ molar part per million and were densified by two routes differing for the atmosphere: O/sub 2/+N/sub 2/ or vacuum. The obtained results evidence that irradiation affects matrix sites inducing paramagnetic defects. Furthermore, the comparison between the two densification procedures shows that vacuum atmosphere induces higher radiation sensitivity.
Radiation Response of Ce-Codoped Germanosilicate and Phosphosilicate Optical Fibers
2016
We report an experimental investigation on the effects of Ce-codoping in determining the radiation response of germanosilicate and phosphosilicate Optical Fibers (OFs) in the UV-Visible domain and up to doses of $1~\hbox{MGy}({\rm SiO}_{2})$ . We show that the addition of Ce strongly impacts the Radiation Induced Attenuation (RIA) of both types of fibers. In the first case the radiation induced losses increase, whereas in the second one decrease. By combining the online RIA measurements with the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) ones, we are able to infer the basic microscopic mechanisms taking place under irradiation, which involve the cerium codopant and some of the known Ge-related o…
Influence of Oral Health Care Systems on Future Career Environment of Dental Students in Europe
2021
Oral healthcare is organized subsidiarily and independently by nation states in Europe and also within the EU and consequently, major differences between the nation states and the various oral healthcare systems in Europe are present. The socialization in the respective catchment area can have an impact on the job choice and the perception of employment opportunities of different professional groups. Therefore, the purpose of this survey was to elucidate the influence of different oral healthcare systems on students living or studying in the respective catchment area. A questionnaire (in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish) with 18 different components was administered. Data on ge…
Akateemisen saksan kielen rooli suomalaisopiskelijoiden näkökulmasta
2009
In most academic disciplines nowadays, German plays only a minor role in academic publishing. On the other hand, academic mobility has increased and Germany is the most popular target country for Finnish students. For any successful academic exchange with German-speaking countries, a sound competence in German is a major advantage. To explore students’ opinions about multilingualism and the role of German, an online-survey amongst 20400 students, with 3516 respondents (17,3 %), was conducted in 2008. The main emphasis was on language skills needed for studying in Finland and German-speaking countries, on possible culture-bound practices and on students’ self-evaluation of oral skills in Ger…
La disciplina tedesca (e quella austriaca) sull'ordine di protezione europeo e sulla tutela della vittima
2016
La Direttiva 2011/99/UE, inserendosi nel contesto delle azioni dell'Unione europea in materia di tutela delle vittime, ha previsto il c.d. ordine di protezione europeo: misura volta ad assicurare la protezione della persona offesa dal reato, a prescindere dallo Stato membro in cui essa si trovi. Nel dare seguito alla direttiva, i diversi Paesi hanno adottato soluzioni parzialmente differenti. Il contributo si incentra sulla disciplina introdotta in Germania e in Austria, dove la corrispondente riforma si colloca nel quadro di peculiari scelte normative di fondo, inerenti al ruolo della vittima nel processo penale.