Search results for "Geta"

Les modifications de l’expression du terroir induites par le changement climatique nécessitent une adaptation du matériel végétal et des techniques v…

2009

National audience; Le terroir est un écosystème dans lequel la vigne est en interaction avec son environnement naturel, et en particulier avec le sol et le climat. Le climat influence le comportement de la vigne par les températures (effet sur la précocité du cycle), le rayonnement solaire (qui fournit l'énergie à la photosynthèse et joue sur l'Evapo- Transpiration Potentielle) et les précipitations. La production de grands vins qui expriment fortement l'identité de leur terroir est liée à une juste association cépage―climat. La précocité du cépage doit être en adéquation avec les conditions climatiques locales pour que les raisins ne mûrissent ni trop tard (ce qui aboutirait à la productio…

Complémentarité des leviers utilisables pour gérer la santé des plantes : génétique, agronomie, surveillance, actions collectives (introduction de la…

2014

National audience; Le séminaire « Gérer la santé des cultures : des variétés au paysage » exposera une vision de la complémentarité des leviers utilisables pour gérer la santé des plantes. On abordera aussi bien les résistances variétales que les pratiques agronomiques qui accompagnent leur déploiement. On fera également le point sur le renouvellement des méthodes de surveillance des bioagresseurs pouvant être mises en œuvre collectivement pour un gain notable d’efficacité. La première session sera consacrée à deux exemples de mise au point de nouvelles variétés porteuses de résistances génétiques, de leur découverte à leur caractérisation et à leur déploiement sur le territoire. Deux histo…

L'agroécologie, un chantier prioritaire pour l'INRA

2013

Interview de Philippe Lemanceau par Angela Bolis journaliste du Monde le 24 avril 2013 à 18 h 17 SPE EcolDur; National audience

Soil as support of biodiversity and functions

2015

Chapitre 11 Section 3 EA SPE EcolDur GenoSol; The soil is a major reservoir of biological diversity on our planet. It also shelters numerous biological and ecological processes and therefore contributes to the production of a considerable number of ecosystem services. Among the ecological, social and economic services identified, the role of soil as a reservoir of diversity has now been well established, along with its role in nutrient cycling, supporting primary productivity, pollution removal and storing carbon. Since the development of industrialization, urbanization and agriculture, soils have been subjected to numerous variations in environmental conditions, which have resulted in modi…

Common ragweed national maps & public policies in France

2014

Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) has been detected in France in the middle of the XIXth century. It has spread throughout the territory during the XXth century with a critical evolution. Public policies have not been able to contain this spread at the moment, and it is now difficult to find ways to tackle the invasion. Publication of national and regional maps seems to be an effective tool to draw up an overview of the situation and build management strategies. With a set of historical and modern data collected all over the French territory, and from many different stakeholders, we consider the progress of the species in time. The system of legislation applied locally is analyzed…

Ecologie des bactéries dénitrifiantes du sol en relation avec les émissions de N2O

2014

Optimization for the determination of enzyme activities in various pea tissues

2014

Rapport de Stage de Master 1 EA Geapsi CT2 EA EJ1; In an environmental and political context which requests an increase of food production and a decrease in fertilizer use, pea culture seems to be one solution due on the one hand to its atmospheric nitrogen fixation and on the other hand to the important nitrogen quantity left by plants in the soil after harvest. But pea plants are very sensitive to soil water stress, that’s why scientists are searching information about enzyme activities to reveal how peas react when they are submitted to drought in the purpose of minimizing the negative impact and thus reach optimum yields. This report focuses on key enzymes involved in carbon and nitroge…

The arbuscular mycorrhizal transportome, what next!

2019

International audience; Understanding how arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses establish and function is one of the most important current challenges in microbial ecology. Despite the fact that the AM symbiosis requires some complex and fine molecular tuning among symbionts in order to take place, both partners benefit from each other in a number of ways. For instance, the availability, uptake and exchange of nutrients in this biotrophic interaction are key factors driving plant growth and modulating biomass allocation. This underground trade is regulated by both plant and fungal transport components [1], as for instance the long distance transport of photosynthates from leaves towards col…

Potasium nutrition in rice under salt stress: role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis?

2019

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish a symbiotic association with the roots of 80% of terrestrial plants and form complex tree-shaped feeding structures called arbuscules in colonized root cells. This association with AMF not only provides more efficient uptake of nutrients for the plant, but also confers protection against pathogens and increased tolerance to environmental stress such as salt stress [1]. Rice (Oryza sativa), the most salt-sensitive crop species amongst cereals, has a productivity strongly reduced around the world due to soil salinity/salinization and increased sea level (in deltas). High Na+ concentrations (salt stress conditions) impairs K+ uptake and inhibits man…

The long road to develop novel priming products to increase crop yield under stressful environments

2018

Prod 2018-234 BAP GEAPSI INRA; ABOUT THIS BOOK Global climate change affects crop production through altered weather patterns and increased environmental stresses. Such stresses include soil salinity, drought, flooding, metal/metalloid toxicity, pollution, and extreme temperatures. The variability of these environmental conditions pared with the sessile lifestyle of plants contribute to high exposure to these stress factors. Increasing tolerance of crop plants to abiotic stresses is needed to fulfill increased food needs of the population. This book focuses on methods of improving plants tolerance to abiotic stresses. It provides information on how protective agents, including exogenous phy…