Search results for "GiST"
showing 10 items of 3463 documents
Exposure to trihalomethanes through different water uses and birth weight, small for gestational age, and preterm delivery in Spain
2011
Background: Evidence associating exposure to water disinfection by-products with reduced birth weight and altered duration of gestation remains inconclusive. Objective: We assessed exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) during pregnancy through different water uses and evaluated the association with birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW), and preterm delivery. Methods: Mother–child cohorts set up in five Spanish areas during the years 2000–2008 contributed data on water ingestion, showering, bathing, and swimming in pools. We ascertained residential THM levels during pregnancy periods through ad hoc sampling campaigns (828 measurements) and regulatory data (264 me…
Pregnancy e-health: a multicenter Italian cross-sectional study on internet use and decision-making among pregnant women
2013
Background Our study aimed to estimate the prevalence of pregnancy e-health seekers in a large Italian sample; to explore the factors influencing the choices of the childbearing women regarding their lifestyles after internet consultation; and finally to investigate potential differences between primiparous and multiparous women in internet use to find information about pregnancy. Methods A multicentre survey was carried out in seven Italian cities. Data were collected through a validated questionnaire administered in waiting rooms of outpatient departments by medical doctors. Respondents were questioned about their sociodemographic status, their use of the internet to seek pregnancy inform…
The association between respiratory tract infection incidence and localised meningitis epidemics: an analysis of high-resolution surveillance data fr…
2017
AbstractMeningococcal meningitis epidemics in the African meningitis belt consist of localised meningitis epidemics (LME) that reach attack proportions of 1% within a few weeks. A meningococcal serogroup A conjugate vaccine was introduced in meningitis belt countries from 2010 on, but LME due to other serogroups continue to occur. The mechanisms underlying LME are poorly understood, but an association with respiratory pathogens has been hypothesised. We analysed national routine surveillance data in high spatial resolution (health centre level) from 13 districts in Burkina Faso, 2004–2014. We defined LME as a weekly incidence rate of suspected meningitis ≥75 per 100,000 during ≥2 weeks; and…
[Geographic variation in the prevalence of asthma symptoms in Spanish children and adolescents. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childh…
2005
Objective TO analyze geographic variations in the prevalence of symptoms related to asthma in Spanish children and adolescents. Population and methods In 2001 and 2002, the Spanish arm of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase 3 collected information on 28 445 children in the age bracket of 6-7 years in 10 metropolitan areas (A Coruna, Asturias, Barcelona, Bilbao, Cartagena, Castellon, Madrid, Pamplona, San Sebastian, and Valencia) and on 31 257 adolescents in the bracket 13-14 years in 11 areas (the previously named areas plus Valladolid). An asthma symptom questionnaire was filled in by parents or the adolescents themselves. Differences in symptoms betw…
Pre and postnatal exposure to mercury and respiratory health in preschool children from the Spanish INMA Birth Cohort Study
2021
Effects of mercury on maturing immune system have been reported, however the association with respiratory and allergy problems during infancy remains unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between pre and postnatal mercury exposure and respiratory and allergy problems among preschool children and to examine the role of potential modifying factors. Study subjects were children participant in Spanish Childhood and Environment Project (INMA, 2003-2008). We measured total mercury levels in cord blood (n = 1868) and hair at 4 years of age (n = 1347). Respiratory outcomes (wheezing, severe wheezing, chestiness, persistent cough, eczema and otitis) were obtained by questionn…
Prevalence and determinants of diabetes mellitus in a representative sample of Italian adults
2022
PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF ITALIAN ADULTSBackground: Diabetes mellitus is a dramatic epidemic worldwide. This study providea an updated estimate of itsprevalence and determinants among Italian adults.Methods: Data were derived from a face-to-face survey conducted in 2013 on 2901 individuals (1391 men, 1510 women) aged ≥18 years, representative of the general adult Italian population. Odds ratios (OR) for diabetes versus non diabetes in relation to selected risk factors were derived using multiple logistic regression models.Results: Overall, 135 out of 2901 adults (4.7%) reported a diagnosis of diabetes, with similar prevalence in men (4.8%…
Trends in infant leukaemia in West Germany in relation to in utero exposure due to Chernobyl accident.
1998
A temporary increase in the incidence of infant leukaemia in Greece was reported by Petridou et al., which was attributed to in utero exposure to ionising radiation resulting from the Chernobyl accident. We performed a similar analysis based on the data of the German Childhood Cancer Registry in order to check whether the observation could be confirmed by means of independent data. Applying the same definitions as Petridou et al., we also observed an increased incidence of infant leukaemia in a cohort of children born after the Chernobyl accident. More detailed analyses, regarding areas with different contamination levels and dose rate gradients over time after the accident, showed, however…
Increased Cancer Incidence Following up to 15 Years after Cardiac Catheterization in Infants under One Year between 1980 and 1998—A Single Center Obs…
2020
Objective: To evaluate the incidence of cancer within the first 15 years of life in children who underwent cardiac catheterization under the age of one year. Methods: In this retrospective, single center study, 2770 infants (7.8% with trisomy 21) were studied. All infants underwent cardiac catheterization under one year of age between January 1980 and December 1998. Newly diagnosed cancer in the first 15 years of life was assessed through record linkage to the German Childhood Cancer Registry (GCCR). Cancer risk in study patients was compared to the GCCR population of children less than 15 years. Patients with trisomy 21 were compared to the Danish Cytogenic Register for trisomy 21. Effecti…
Inzidenz von Kinderkrebs nach Röntgendiagnostik im Patientenkollektiv der Jahre 1976 – 2003 einer Universitäts-Kinderklinik
2010
Purpose: Although the carcinogenic effect of ionizing radiation is well known, knowledge gaps persist on the health effects of low-dose radiation, especially in children. The cancer incidence rate in a cohort of 92,957 children diagnosed using X-rays in the years 1976-2003 in the radiology department of a large university clinic was studied. Materials and Methods: Individual radiation doses per examination were reconstructed using an algorithm taking into account the dose area product and other exposure parameters together with conversion factors computed specifically for the equipment and protocols used in the radiology department. Incident cancer cases in the period 1980-2006 were identif…
Acetaminophen Use During Pregnancy: Effects on Risk for Congenital Abnormalities
2008
Udgivelsesdato: 2008-Feb OBJECTIVE: We evaluated if acetaminophen, one of the most frequently used drugs among pregnant women is associated with an increased prevalence of congenital abnormalities. STUDY DESIGN: We selected 88,142 pregnant women and their liveborn singletons from the Danish National Birth Cohort who had information on acetaminophen use during the first trimester of pregnancy. We used the National Hospital Registry to identify 3784 (4.3%) children from the cohort diagnosed with 5847 congenital abnormalities. RESULTS: Children exposed to acetaminophen during the first trimester of pregnancy (n = 26,424) did not have an increased prevalence of congenital abnormalities (hazard …