Search results for "Glycemic"

New hypoglycaemic agents selected by molecular topology.

2003

Abstract New compounds showing hypoglycaemic activity have been designed through a computer aided method based on quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) and molecular connectivity. After calculation of topological indices for a set of 89 compounds including active and inactive with regards to hypoglycaemic action, linear discriminant analysis was performed so that a useful model to predict such an activity was achieved. Later on, the discriminant model was applied on a huge database so that fourteen compounds were selected as potential new hypoglycaemics. From them, just five were finally selected for experimental test on expected hypoglycaemic activity. Among the selected comp…

Incidence of Diabetes Following Ramipril or Rosiglitazone Withdrawal

2011

OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of withdrawing rosiglitazone and ramipril medication on diabetes incidence after closeout of the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The 3,366 DREAM subjects at trial end who had not developed diabetes while taking double-blind study medication were transferred to single-blind placebo for 2 to 3 months before undergoing an oral glucose tolerance test. Glycemic status was analyzed for the trial plus washout period and for the washout period alone. RESULTS Following median (interquartile range) 71 (63–86) days drug withdrawal, overall glycemic status remained modestly improved in t…

Cost analysis of the flash monitoring system (FreeStyle Libre 2) in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus

2020

IntroductionCompare cost of the interstitial liquid glucose flash monitoring (FM) system (FreeStyle Libre 2) versus self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Spain.Research design and methodsA model was developed to estimate, with the perspective of the Spanish health system, the annual costs associated with glucose monitoring and hypoglycemic events management in T1DM population, with multiple insulin daily doses (MDI). According to published evidence, rate of severe hypoglycemia (SHE) of 4.90 episodes per patient-year was applied. Reduction of SHE (58.6%) was modeled associated with FM use. Published rates of hospital care (20.2%) and subseq…

An Update on the Current and Emerging Use of Thiazolidinediones for Type 2 Diabetes.

2022

Guidelines have increasingly stressed the concept that adequate glycemic control is required to prevent or decrease the macro- and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PPAR-gamma agonists (“glitazones”) are no longer prioritized due to their effects on heart failure. However, the association between these drugs and innovative therapies could be a valuable tool to attenuate the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome. Glitazones are used for the treatment of diabetes and associated comorbidities. There is substantial scientific evidence demonstrating the effect of glitazones at a cardiometabolic level, as well as on hematological and neurological pathologies that po…

SGLT2i and GLP-1RA in Cardiometabolic and Renal Diseases: From Glycemic Control to Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Senescence

2021

Background. Over the last few years, the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) has increased substantially in medical practice due to their documented benefits in cardiorenal and metabolic health. In this sense, and in addition to being used for glycemic control in diabetic patients, these drugs also have other favorable effects such as weight loss and lowering blood pressure, and more recently, they have been shown to have cardio and renoprotective effects with anti-inflammatory properties. Concerning the latter, the individual or associated use of these antihyperglycemic agents has been linked with a decrease in p…

Glycemic homeostasis in chronic viral hepatitis and liver cirrhosis

2001

Ketogenic diet, physical activity, and hypertension—a narrative review

2021

Several studies link cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with unhealthy lifestyles (unhealthy dietary habits, alcohol consumption, smoking, and low levels of physical activity). Therefore, the strong need for CVD prevention may be pursued through an improved control of CVD risk factors (impaired lipid and glycemic profiles, high blood pressure, and obesity), which is achievable through an overall intervention aimed to favor a healthy lifestyle. Focusing on diet, different recommendations emphasize the need to increase or avoid consumption of entire classes of food, with only partly known and only partly foreseeable consequences on the overall level of health. In recent years, the ketogenic diet (…

Effect of simvastatin and/or pioglitazone on insulin resistance, insulin secretion, adiponectin, and proinsulin levels in nondiabetic patients at car…

2007

We investigated the effect of pioglitazone in comparison with and in combination with simvastatin on insulin resistance, plasma adiponectin, postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and intact proinsulin levels in a nondiabetic population at cardiovascular risk. One hundred twenty-five nondiabetic patients at cardiovascular risk were randomized to pioglitazone (PIO), pioglitazone and simvastatin (PIO/SIM), or simvastatin (SIM) treatments. Blood samples were taken for the measurement of adiponectin and lipid levels. In addition, an oral glucose load with the measurements of glucose, insulin, and intact proinsulin levels was performed. Adiponectin levels increased from 14.0 ± 8.2 to 27.6 ± 14.5 …

Triterpene saponins from Billia rosea.

2017

Five previously undescribed triterpene saponins, billiosides A-E, and a known analogue, were isolated from the seeds of Billia rosea (Planch. & Linden) C. Ulloa & P. Jorg. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments (1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, HSQC, and HMBC) and mass spectrometry as (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-21-[((2E,6S)-2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxyocta-2,7-dienoyl)oxy]-22-(acetyloxy)-24-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, (3β,21β,22α)-3-[(2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-21,22-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-yl O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranoside, (3β…

Barriers to insulin initiation and intensification and how to overcome them

2009

Summary Aims:  To review published evidence and clinical experience of the perceived barriers to insulin initiation and intensification and to develop solutions for patient management. Method:  Literature review and workshop discussions. Results:  Many patients with diabetes fail to achieve targets for glycaemic control because of inappropriate use of insulin. Patients and health care professionals face many potential barriers to insulin initiation and intensification in primary care. These can be categorised as low motivation, lack of familiarity or experience and time constraints. Conclusion:  Solutions should be tailored to different health care settings. Strategies include improving edu…