Search results for "Goal"

Same work, lower grade? Student ethnicity and teachers’ subjective assessments

2010

Previous research shows that ethnic minority students perform poorer in school when they are taught by ethnic majority teachers. Why this is the case was unclear. This paper focuses on one important potential explanation: I examine whether ethnic majority teachers grade minority and majority students differently for the same work. Using an experiment, I rule out the existence of such a direct grading bias. I do find indirect evidence for alternative explanations: teachers report lower expectations and unfavorable attitudes that both likely affect their behavior towards minority students, potentially inducing them to perform below their ability level. Effects of having majority teachers on m…

A problem-adjusted genetic algorithm for flexibility design

2013

Many present markets for goods and services have highly volatile demand due to short life cycles and strong competition in saturated environments. Determination of capacity levels is difficult because capacities often need to be set long before demand realizes. In order to avoid capacity-demand mismatches, operations managers employ mix-flexible resources which allow them to shift excess demands to unused capacities. The Flexibility Design Problem (FDP) models the decision on the optimal configuration of a flexible (manufacturing) network. FDP is a difficult stochastic optimization problem, for which traditional exact approaches are not able to solve but the smallest instances in reasonable…

Ethical preferences for influencing superiors: A 41-society study

2009

With a 41-society sample of 9990 managers and professionals, we used hierarchical linear modeling to investigate the impact of both macro-level and micro-level predictors on subordinate influence ethics. While we found that both macro-level and micro-level predictors contributed to the model definition, we also found global agreement for a subordinate influence ethics hierarchy. Thus our findings provide evidence that developing a global model of subordinate ethics is possible, and should be based upon multiple criteria and multilevel variables. Journal of International Business Studies (2009) 40, 1022–1045. doi:10.1057/jibs.2008.109

Sampling properties of the Bayesian posterior mean with an application to WALS estimation

2022

Many statistical and econometric learning methods rely on Bayesian ideas, often applied or reinterpreted in a frequentist setting. Two leading examples are shrinkage estimators and model averaging estimators, such as weighted-average least squares (WALS). In many instances, the accuracy of these learning methods in repeated samples is assessed using the variance of the posterior distribution of the parameters of interest given the data. This may be permissible when the sample size is large because, under the conditions of the Bernstein--von Mises theorem, the posterior variance agrees asymptotically with the frequentist variance. In finite samples, however, things are less clear. In this pa…

Odeseizar la educación y la cooperación para el desarrollo en España : una mirada internacional a la AOD y al ODS 4

2020

El presente artículo pretende centrar su atención en la política sectorial de la AOD vinculada a la educación desde la ingeniería cosmopolita de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible que han permitido odeseizarlas políticas mundiales (Barandiarán, 2017), de las que la cooperación y la educación constituyen dos objetos de análisis e investigación. Para ello, sus objetivos se centrarán en revisar el caso español del binomio AOD y educación y cómo, estrechamente vinculado a la ortodoxia política mundial homogeneizadora que proviene de manera intencionalmente manifiesta por parte de los organismos internacionales, la AOD en la actualidad y en este ámbito específico se ha canalizado y transmuta…

La transición a la sostenibilidad como objetivo urgente para la superación de la crisis sistémica actual

2016

Este trabajo pretende contribuir a cuestionar la creencia, ampliamente extendida entre la ciudadanía, los responsables políticos, e incluso entre los educadores, de que la transición a la Sostenibilidad es un objetivo para el futuro, que puede esperar ante las necesidades urgentes del presente. Se intenta mostrar que, por el contrario, dicha transición es necesaria ahora para dar solución a graves problemas interconectados, que amenazan ya seriamente a la presente generación, como el cambio climático, la pérdida de biodiversidad, el agotamiento de recursos fundamentales, o la pobreza y el desempleo masivo que destruyen la cohesión social. Se puede de este modo dar respuesta hoy a las necesi…

2016

Research on ego depletion aims at explaining self-control failures in daily life. Both resource models and motivational accounts have been proposed for explanation. The aim of the present research was to test the different assumptions in two dual-task experiments where we operationalized ego depletion as a performance deviation from a self-set goal. In two experiments, we found evidence for this deviation contradicting motivational accounts of ego depletion: Participants experiencing ego depletion set themselves a stricter instead of a more lenient goal than controls, in that they chose to eat less cookies or wanted to perform better. Moreover, only participants without an initial self-cont…

A Multisite Preregistered Paradigmatic Test of the Ego-Depletion Effect

2021

We conducted a preregistered multilaboratory project ( k = 36; N = 3,531) to assess the size and robustness of ego-depletion effects using a novel replication method, termed the paradigmatic replication approach. Each laboratory implemented one of two procedures that was intended to manipulate self-control and tested performance on a subsequent measure of self-control. Confirmatory tests found a nonsignificant result ( d = 0.06). Confirmatory Bayesian meta-analyses using an informed-prior hypothesis (δ = 0.30, SD = 0.15) found that the data were 4 times more likely under the null than the alternative hypothesis. Hence, preregistered analyses did not find evidence for a depletion effect. Ex…

Motivational climate and goal orientations as predictors of perceptions of improvement, satisfaction and coach ratings among tennis players

2007

One purpose of this work was to study the relationship of goal orientations and the perceived motivational climate created by the coach in relation to 219 competitive Spanish tennis players': a) perceived improvement in different facets of the game, b) satisfaction with their competitive results, overall level of play, and coach, and c) ratings of their coach. The second purpose was to examine whether the dependent variables were best predicted by the perceived situationally emphasized goal structure created by the coach and/or the athletes' dispositional goal perspective. Intermediate (N=70), advanced (N=124), and professional (N=25) level players completed Spanish versions of the TEOSQ an…

2021

Background Self-tracking technologies are widely used in people’s daily lives and health care. Academic research on self-tracking and the quantified self has also accumulated rapidly in recent years. Surprisingly, there is a paucity of research that reviews, classifies, and synthesizes the state of the art with respect to self-tracking and the quantified self. Objective Our objective was to identify the state of the art of self-tracking and the quantified self in terms of health and well-being. Methods We have undertaken a systematic literature review on self-tracking and the quantified self in promoting health and well-being. After a rigorous literature search, followed by inclusions, exc…