Search results for "Government"

The effectiveness of access restriction to higher education in decreasing overeducation

2015

Abstract This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the effectiveness of restricting access to higher education in order to decrease overeducation. Agent-based simulation is used as the modelling method. Agents represent secondary school graduates who may choose to get tertiary education. Their willingness to continue studies depends on the share of their friends with tertiary education. There are high-qualified and low-qualified jobs in the labour market; the former require higher education. Tertiary-educated agents employed in low-qualified jobs are overeducated. There are also two types of agents, one of which will not be hired for a high-qualified job even if they graduate from unive…

Visibility estimates of budgetary burden and benefit in European countries

2000

Intermediate territorial levels of government in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, and Spain are different regarding their basic institutions, devolved powers, revenue and public expenditure systems, public revenue equalization mechanisms, accountability, public performance management, and financial control bodies. In spite of the complexity derived from these different characteristics, this paper presents some indicators which permit the creation of time and space fiscal visibility measurements and comparisons. It also advances systematic estimates on visibility for intermediate subsystems of public revenue and expenditure now in force in these European countries. Policy implications seem str…

Budget burden and benefit visibility of European central level governments

2001

Central levels of government in European Union member countries are different regarding their basic institutions, powers, fiscal systems, accountability, public performance management, financial control bodies, and the like. In spite of this, the economic operation of such levels of government should be analyzed, evaluated, and compared from an efficiency viewpoint. This paper presents general indicators to systematically assess the burden and benefit visibility of public budgets of the International Monetary Fund member countries and specific estimates for the central subsystems of public revenue and expenditure now in force in such European countries. An important policy implication of th…

Partisan Politics Theory and stock market performance: Evidence for Spain

2012

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the influence of Spanish major political events on stock market performance by testing the empirical implications of the existing theories focused on the connection between politics and stock exchanges. On the one hand, our findings give support to the partisan politics theory, since stock returns behave differently depending on the political orientation of the government, not only on the day of the national election but also during their tenure of office. On the other hand, the analytical results demonstrate that there are no abnormal positive returns during the second half of the government's term, which contradicts the opportunistic political business cycle th…

Descentralización política y resultados económicos. Un análisis institucional del caso español

2009

¿Cómo ha influido en el bienestar económico de los ciudadanos la nueva organización descentralizada del Estado implantada en España tras la Constitución de 1978? ¿Qué tipo de descentralización se ha llevado a cabo? ¿Existe algún riesgo derivado de esa singular estructura de gobierno multinivel? Dar respuesta a estas cuestiones es el objetivo básico del presente trabajo. Tras mostrar cómo ha influido esa nueva estructura organizativa sobre los espectaculares resultados económicos logrados y ofrecer una valoración positiva de dichas reformas, el trabajo concluye enfatizando el carácter situacional del análisis realizado y apuntando algunos desafíos a futuro. Las instituciones formales importa…

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF BRAZILIAN MUNICIPALITIES FROM THEIMPLEMENTATION OF THE TAX MANAGEMENT MODERNIZATION PROGRAM - PMAT

2015

The Federal Government has made available to Brazilian municipalities the PMAT in order to modernize and strengthen tax administration. Because it is public money, it becomes necessary to implement measures to control the application of the Program investments. The objective of this research is to propose a model of performance evaluation for municipalities that implemented PMAT, which aims to: (i) identify the objectives, characteristics and criteria required by PMAT to enable municipal governments in obtaining resources, (ii) define the criteria needed to make the model structure for evaluating the performance of municipalities from the implementation of PMAT (iii) determine the parameter…

Is the European Commission a ‘Hothouse’ for Supranationalism? Exploring Actor-Level Supranationalism

2007

The article explores actor-level supranationalism among seconded national experts (SNEs) in the European Commission. The transformative clout of the European Commission is assessed by the extent to which SNEs adopt a supranational role perception. The survey and interview data presented demonstrates that SNEs evoke multiple roles, notably departmental, epistemic and supranational roles. OLS regression analyses reveal that actor-level supranationalism among SNEs reflect (i) processes of re-socialization inside the Commission, (ii) the organizational composition of the Commission and (iii) organizational incompatibilities between the Commission and domestic government institutions.

M. Tracy: Government and Agriculture in Western Europe, 1880–1980, 3.a ed., Herfordshire, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1989, 382 pp.

1990

How do Banking Crises Impact on Income Inequality?

2012

We show that banking crises have an important effect on income distribution: inequality increases before banking crisis episodes and sharply declines afterwards. We also find that, while a large government size does not per se seem to reduce inequality, a rise in financial depth (i.e. better access to credit provided by the banking sector) contributes to a more equal distribution of income.

Decentralization and growth: what if the cross-jurisdiction approach had met a dead end?

2013

International audience; The relationship between decentralization and economic growth is generally studied from a perspective stressing universal or quasi-universal regularities across jurisdictions. That approach has generated many insights but seems to reach its limits. The paper explains why it allows contrasting positions with regard to the benefits of decentralization even among proponents of free and competitive markets. And it seems from the empirical literature that no robust and economically significant cross-jurisdiction relation between decentralization and economic performance or growth, except perhaps their independence, has been found. The absence of a relation valid across ju…