Search results for "Grammar"
showing 10 items of 662 documents
Inferring Learning Strategies from Cultural Frequency Data
2015
Social learning has been identified as one of the fundamentals of culture and therefore the understanding of why and how individuals use social information presents one of the big questions in cultural evolution. To date much of the theoretical work on social learning has been done in isolation of data. Evolutionary models often provide important insight into which social learning strategies are expected to have evolved but cannot tell us which strategies human populations actually use. In this chapter we explore how much information about the underlying learning strategies can be extracted by analysing the temporal occurrence or usage patterns of different cultural variants in a population…
Dalla grammatica alle grammatiche dell’italiano: un’analisi in diacronia dei testi di educazione linguistica (1975-2015)
2021
Il contributo che si propone ha per oggetto un’analisi di un campione di libri di testo di educazione linguistica, prodotti dall’editoria scolastica italiana negli ultimi quarant’anni, al fine di verificare quanto del dibattito teorico sulle varietà e sulle linee di tendenza dell’italiano contemporaneo sia stato accolto negli anni dalla manualistica scolastica e quale “modello di lingua” sia oggi presentato ai discenti. È noto che il panorama linguistico contemporaneo rende inapplicabile un modello grammaticale di tipo tradizionale che non tenga conto del sapere linguistico del parlante e che non faccia dialogare la norma con gli usi concreti. Per esaminare in che modo si siano modificati g…
Effects of sulphonylureas on spontaneous motility and induced contractions in rat isolated uterus
1986
Abstract To clarify the action of sulphonylureas on calcium, the effect of tolbutamide and ghbenclamide has been investigated on a Ca-dependent process, the contractile activity of uterine smooth muscle. Both sulphonylureas antagonized the contractions evoked by CaCl2 in a non-competitive manner when the uterus was maintained in depolarizing solution and did not affect the spontaneous contractions of rat uterus. The capacity of tolbutamide and ghbenclamide to relax vanadate-induced contraction of rat uterus in Ca-free medium suggests that sulphonylureas may have an intracellular site of action related to cytosolic free Ca levels, or effect a reduction in Ca action.
The level of context dependence of engagement markers in Peninsular Spanish and US business websites
2019
This paper examines the impact of Spaniards’ and North-Americans’ level of context dependence (Hall, 1976) on the engagement markers (Hyland & Tse, 2004) used on the presentation page of 100 business websites from the toy sector (50 from Spain and 50 from the US). Following an observational and a quantitative analysis, the findings reveal remarkable statistical differences in the interactional discourse of this digital genre, which may be a valuable source of information for export companies to introduce their products abroad by means of their business websites. In addition, we believe that the business website can be used in the teaching and learning of Spanish and English for professional…
El tratamiento integrado de lenguas en la gramática: una aproximación a la terminología básica en los libros de texto de secundaria
2021
Este artículo analiza la variación terminológica que afecta las denominaciones (variación denominativa), porque en muchas ocasiones los términos constituyen un obstáculo en la construcción de los conceptos. Concretamente, se ha desarrollado un trabajo terminográfico, de recopilación de los términos utilizados para referirse a las diferentes clases de palabras en los libros de texto de las asignaturas de Castellano y Valenciano de primero y segundo de ESO. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la gran incoherencia terminológica de los libros de texto, con un exceso de términos que dificultan el aprendizaje del alumnado, lo que pone de manifiesto la necesidad de llevar a cabo un tratamiento integ…
Reading in students with deafness: An eye-movement research
2020
This thesis focused on describing the online reading pattern of deaf and hard of hearing students (DHH) and the factors that affect it. Previous studies have widely reported and described the difficulties that students with DHH demonstrate during reading. However, there are still some questions in which results do not converge (e.g., Do students with DHH ignore grammatical cues during sentence reading? Do they adapt their reading according to text demands?). Therefore, these questions remain open to new procedures that can disentangle or at least contribute to the understanding of DHH students' reading problems. So far, the vast majority of the studies have approached this issue by measurin…
Tiešsaistes Viktorīnas 6. Klases Skolēnu Gramatikas Zināšanu Pārbaudei Angļu Valodas Stundās
2020
Cilvēkam, lai spētu saprast kā runāt, lasīt, rakstīt un lasīt konkrētā svešvalodā, ir noderīgi zināt gramatiku un tās likumus. Diplomdarba autore pieredzēja, ka 6. klases skolēni spēja komunicēt, bet viņiem trūka gramatikas zināšanu. Tā kā pašlaik skolotāji izmanto dažādus interneta rīkus skolēnu zināšanu novērtēšanai, diplomdarba mērķis bija izpētīt, kā tiešsaistes viktorīnas varētu lietot, lai novērtētu 6. klases skolēnu angļu valodas gramatikas zināšanas. Mērķa sasniegšanai autore izmantoja gadījuma metodi. Pētījuma izlasē bija 48 skolēni no trim 6. klašu paralēlklasēm un viena angļu valodas skolotāja kādā no Rīgas sākumskolām. Autore intervēja vienu angļu valodas skolotāju un veidoja pē…
Possession and volition in the development of modal meanings: a case-study from Sicilian
2019
This article analyses two Sicilian modal constructions involving vuliri 'want' + infinitive and aviri a ‘have to’ + infinitive. They are used to express modal values, both non-epistemic and epistemic, and futurity. Based on Langacker's Cognitive Grammar assumptions, we describe the semantic network associated with each modal, as well as their semantic overlap. In addition, we describe how modal values interact with temporal-aspectual inflection. Our analysis shows that the epistemic values of vuliri are quite peripheral, while aviri a shows a high degree of polysemy, both in the non-epistemic and in the more abstract epistemic domain. The non-epistemic-to-epistemic shifts depend on the cont…
Modal verbs, future and grammaticalization in Old Catalan : a cognitive approach
2015
The process of grammaticalization of Catalan modal verbs deure, haver and tenir involves a semantic change, a rise of new meanings and an increase in their semantic network. On the one hand, deontic modal verbs develop inferential evidential meanings, and, on the other, future meanings (posteriority).This corpus-based study focuses on the rise of future meanings of modal verb deure ('must') (between the 12th and the 16th centuries). We have been able to analyse the process of grammaticalization with absolute reliability thanks to the applied technology of the Corpus of Old Catalan (CICA and CIGCA), in which linguistic variation is quite representative. This study takes a cognitive perspecti…
Predicative Gerunds in Spanish and Catalan
2014
In this article I discuss an instance of microvariation in Catalan, which regards the distribution of predicative gerunds. It is proposed that the differences depend on restrictions on the movement of the verb: the more it is restricted, the less contexts will allow the use of gerunds. A crucial argument for this analysis comes from the comparison with Cinque's (1999) hierarchy of functional heads: in all Catalan varieties gerunds can express the aspectual values which are lower in the hierarchy. Conversely, only the varieties where gerunds are most widespread (Central Catalan) allow them to express also the higher aspectual values. In the last part of the article, I argue that there is an …