Search results for "Grammar"
showing 10 items of 662 documents
Changes in neural drive to calf muscles during steady submaximal contractions after repeated static stretches
2021
Key points: Repeated static-stretching interventions consistently increase the range of motion about a joint and decrease total joint stiffness, but findings on the changes in muscle and connective-tissue properties are mixed. The influence of these stretch-induced changes on muscle function at submaximal forces is unknown. To address this gap in knowledge, the changes in neural drive to the plantar flexor muscles after a static-stretch intervention were estimated. Neural drive to the plantar flexor muscles during a low-force contraction increased after repeated static stretches. These findings suggest that adjustments in motor unit activity are necessary at low forces to accommodate reduct…
Endothelial modulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced contraction in goat cerebral arteries.
1993
Abstract 1. 1. In isolated goat middle cerebral artery segments, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 10 −8 −3 × 10 −5 M) caused concentration-dependent contractions, with EC 50 = 2.1 (1.9−2.5) × 10 −7 M and E max = 60 ± 2% of 50 mM KCl-induced contraction. 2. 2. Mechanical removal of endothelium significantly increased the E max (91 ± 8%) and did not change the EC 50 value of 5-HT-elicited contractions. 3. 3. Incubation of unrubbed arteries with the irreversible inhibitor of EDRF, gossypol (10 −5 M), significantly increased the contractile response to 5-HT ( E max = 77 ± 4%). 4. 4. Incubation of unrubbed arteries with the competitive inhibitor of the NO synthesis, N G -nitro - l -arginine (L-NOARG) …
Modulatory action of acetylcholine on cerebrovascular sympathetic neurotransmission
1991
1. Acetylcholine (10 micrograms/min) diminished the electrically-induced cerebral blood flow reductions. Atropine (1-2 mg) partially blocked this inhibitory effect. 2. Exogenously administered noradrenaline (1-10 micrograms) and tyramine (50-500 micrograms) reduced cerebral blood flow but this effect was unchanged by acetylcholine infusion. 3. Acetylcholine inhibited the nonadrenergic component of the electrically-induced contraction at a concentration greater than or equal to 10(-6) M and potentiated the adrenergic component at a concentration greater than or equal to 10(5) M. Atropine 10(-7) M) inhibited both of these effects. In addition, acetylcholine (10(-4) M) enhanced the electricall…
Alterations of Neuromuscular Function After Prolonged Running, Cycling and Skiing Exercises
2004
It is well known that impairment of performance resulting from muscle fatigue differs according to the types of contraction involved, the muscular groups tested and the exercise duration/intensity. Depending on these variables, strength loss with fatigue can originate from several sites from the motor cortex through to contractile elements. This has been termed 'task dependency of muscle fatigue'. Only recently have studies focused on the origin of muscle fatigue after prolonged exercise lasting 30 minutes to several hours. Central fatigue has been shown to contribute to muscle fatigue during long-distance running by using different methods such as the twitch interpolation technique, the ra…
Interstitial washout and hydrolysis of acetylcholine in the perfused heart
1982
The efflux of acetylcholine, of radioactively labelled acetylcholine and choline, into the venous effluent of the perfused chicken heart was studied to determine the kinetics of both interstitial washout and hydrolysis of acetylcholine. Stimulation of both cervical vagus nerves (e.g., for 5 s at 40 Hz) caused a release of acetylcholine, which appeared partially unhydrolyzed in the venous effluent, and reduced force of contraction and heart rate. For comparison, labelled acetylcholine or choline was infused for 5 s into the heart and again the venous efflux of either substance was determined. It was found that the kinetics of efflux of acetylcholine or choline from the interstitial space wer…
Livelli di rappresentazione del testo nell’edizione del De nomine di Orso Beneventano
2018
Viene presentato l’impianto metodologico e tecnologico dell’edizione critica digitale del De nominedi Orso Beneventano (http://www.unipa.it/paolo.monella/ursus), una proof of concept delle innovazioni metodologiche proposte da Tito Orlandi. Il modello qui sperimentato intende superare la dicotomia tra edizione diplomatica e critica grazie ad un ripensamento profondo, semioticamente fondato, dei livelli di trascrizione e di edizione di un testo. I livelli scelti per questa edizione sono: (1) Livello grafematico, le cui unità minime sono i grafemi, inclusi i segni paragrafematici e le brachilogie sistematiche. Tutti i grafemi individuati dall’editore sono elencati nella Graphemic Table of Sig…
Cluttering: specific communication disorder
2016
The article presents cluttering as understood as a specific communication disorder. Cluttering has received less coverage in the subject literature than stuttering and is comparatively poorly understood. Defining cluttering presents us with a problem due to differences of opinion as to which of the behaviours associated with the disorder are crucial to its diagnosis and which are rather peripheral. Modern approaches to the understanding of cluttering should be based on a neurodevelopmental concept, which has pointed out the importance of understanding the whole symptom formation from genes to behavior. This model has microgenetic theory itself in the backround. It includes distal interactiv…
Pseudo-relatives, gerunds and infinitives in Romance: (only) superficial resemblances and structural connections
2013
L'argomento di questa monografia è un confronto tra i costrutti predicativi di tipo frasale nelle diverse varietà romanze. Mentre le pseudorelative sono diffuse pressoché in tutta la Romània, con qualche variazione parametrica minore, i gerundi predicativi e gli infiniti preposizionali sono usati solo in alcune varietà. Negli studi linguistici sull'argomento è mancata finora l'ottica comparativa, sia tra varietà diverse, sia tra costrutti predicativi diversi. Il mio lavoro si prefissa lo scopo di colmare questa lacuna, senza ignorare però i costrutti percettivi composti da un infinito semplice, che da parte della letteratura sono stati paragonati alle strutture predicative delle pseudorelat…
Null subjects in generative grammar: A synchronic and diachronic perspective
2018
This book considers the null-subject phenomenon, whereby some languages lack an overtly realized referential subject in specific contexts. In generative syntax-the approach adopted in this volume-the phenomenon has traditionally been explained in terms of a ‘pro-drop’ parameter with associated cluster properties; more recently, however, it has become clear that pro-drop phenomena do not always correlate with all the initially predicted cluster properties. This volume returns to the centre of the debate surrounding the empirical phenomena associated with null subjects. Experts in the field explore the cluster properties associated with pro-drop; the types of null category involved in null-su…
Manuale di linguistica ladina
2020
This volume is the first comprehensive handbook on Ladin linguistics. Ladin ("ladino brissino-tirolese" in Italian) is a group of varieties belonging to Rhaeto-Romance and spoken in North-eastern Italy. The volume consists of 18 chapters divided into three sections: 1. history and description of the internal linguistic properties of the Ladin varieties; 2. sociolinguistics and normalisation processes of Ladin; 3. tools for documenting and studying the Ladin varieties. Since this is the first handbook entirely dedicated to this language group, it aims both at a description that covers all the traditional topics and at an overview of the most recent approaches to the study and the preservatio…