Search results for "HEPATITIS B"
showing 10 items of 451 documents
Intracellular accumulation of incompletely processed transforming growth factor-alpha polypeptides in ground glass hepatocytes of chronic hepatitis B…
1996
Abstract Background: Transforming growth factor-alpha is an intracellularly processed and secreted polypeptide that induces a proliferative response in epithelial target cells and represents a potential regulatory factor in embryonic development, liver regeneration, and also hepatocarcinogenesis. We have observed focal transforming growth factor-alpha expression in liver tissues with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Methods: To further elucidate the nature of this focal transforming growth factor-alpha accumulation were have analyzed overall 23 different liver tissues with chronic hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection as well as normal liver tissues by immunohistology, ELISA…
Modification of the immune response against hepatitis B virus by the human immunodeficiency virus.
1989
Hepatitis B virus and the human immunodeficiency virus are similarly transmitted. Individuals with preexisting HIV infection have a higher chance to become HBsAg carriers than do anti-HIV negative persons. Cytotoxic T cells with specificity for HBcAg, that are under the control of HBcAg-specific helper T cells, are responsible for liver injury. There is good evidence that HIV infection lowers inflammatory activity, is associated with milder liver histology, high levels of viral replication and low seroconversion rates. In addition interferon alpha therapy is less effective in anti-HIV positive subjects. The immune response against HBsAg is helper T-cell dependent and vaccination against hep…
Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Natural History of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
2002
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is increasing in many countries. The estimated number of new cases annually is over 500,000, and the yearly incidence comprises between 2.5 and 7% of patients with liver cirrhosis. The incidence varies between different geographic areas, being higher in developing areas; males are predominantly affected, with a 2:3 male/female ratio. The heterogeneous geographic distribution reflects the epidemiologic impact of the main etiologic factors and environmental risk, which are the hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses. The percentage of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma attributable to HBV worldwide is 52.3% and is higher in Asia where the serop…
Hepatitis B vaccination and interleukin 2 receptor expression in chronic renal failure
1990
Hepatitis B vaccination and interleukin-2 receptor expression in chronic renal failure. Only 50 to 60% of dialysis patients develop anti-HBs antibodies following hepatitis b vaccination. The nonre-sponder state correlates with impaired monocyte function, decreased interleukin-2 (IL-2) production of T cells, and an upregulation of the IL-2 receptor system. In the present study we examined anti-HBs production after hepatitis B vaccination and the in vitro expression of IL-2 receptors in nondialyzed patients with various degrees of chronic renal failure. Forty-four patients with impaired renal function were immunized with 20 µg recombinant hepatitis B vaccine and boostered after one and six mo…
Booster vaccination after neonatal priming with acellular pertussis vaccine.
2010
After a birth dose of acellular pertussis (aP) and diphtheria (DT)aP-hepatitis B virus (HBV)-inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)/ Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) at 2, 4, and 6 months, a booster dose of DTaP-HBV-IPV/Hib at 12 to 23 months induced strong anti-pertussis booster responses. Thus, neonatal aP priming did not lead to immune tolerance to pertussis antigens. However, it elicited bystander interference on HBV, Hib, and diphtheria responses.
RNA dependent DNA polymerase in cells of xeroderma pigmentosum
1971
Abstract Cells from X.P. ∗ skin contain an RNA dependent DNA polymerase, while in cells from normal skin this enzyme is lacking. This finding stimulates the thought that carcinogenesis in X.P. cells is due to an infection with an oncogenic RNA virus.
ABO blood groups and Australia antigen
2008
The distribution of ABO blood in two groups of people with Australia antigen was studied (121 blood donors and 128 patients) and in 3,091 controls was investigated. There was a significant excess of A in comparison with o when the two groups were combined, and when the two groups were tested for (A + B): (AB +O) individually and together, both were found to be statistically significant. The results are discussed.
Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A and B and vaccination status in staff at German schools for the handicapped
2016
This study aims to assess serostatus and vaccination status of hepatitis A and B among staff at schools for the handicapped. We also wanted to investigate factors associated with serostatus, number of infections with hepatitis A/hepatitis B at work, and factors influencing being vaccinated or not. The cross-sectional study was carried out between August 2010 and August 2012 at 13 German schools for severely handicapped. Data were analyzed using blood samples, vaccination documents, and questionnaires. A total of 395 persons participated in our study (response: 59.7%), information on 367 could be used for analysis. Two respondents have been infected with HAV at work, 53.4% were anti-HAV sero…