Search results for "HEURISTICS"
showing 10 items of 191 documents
Determining the best shipper sizes for sending products to customers
2014
A distribution company has to send products, packed into shippers, from the warehouse to retail shops. The number of different shipper types is regarded as a parameter given by the user, who is looking for a balance between transportation costs and stock and procurement costs. The problem is to decide the sizes of the shipper types to keep at the warehouse so as to minimize the cost of meeting the forecasted demand over the planning horizon. In this paper, we describe an integer linear programming formulation for the problem and obtaining feasible solutions. Other models, based on multiknapsack and p-median and facility location models, are for obtaining lower bounds. We study several ways …
AUDIENCE SUPPORT DECISIONS IN IN THE AFTERMATH OF A SOCIAL SCANDAL: THE ROLES OF LEGITIMACY AND REPUTATION
2014
Constituent audience evaluations and decisions regarding whether to continue to support a corporation after it has been perceived as culpable for socially irresponsible behaviour following corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) scandals are coin of the realm in selecting which firms (or which parts of a firm) will be able to survive a CSI-scandal. Research has largely taken for granted that CSI leads to the loss of corporate legitimacy and, consequently, of constituent audience support. Though legitimacy may be reconstructed, empirics suggest this is a necessary but insufficient condition for the maintenance of audience support. Adopting the evaluators’ perspective, this study focuses on t…
Adherence
2016
Non-adherence to medical advice is a serious problem to patients, health policy and practitioners. This article outlines concepts of behavioral economics that might lead a patient to decide against the provider's recommendations and thus to be non-adherent. Especially the timing of pay-offs and dynamic inconsistency, their uncertainty and ambiguity aversion, loss-aversion and numerous heuristics like the peak-end-rule are discussed. The paper concludes with some hints on “libertarian” paternalism that may improve the situation.
Cognitive Biases and Decision Making in Gambling
2010
Heuristics and cognitive biases can occur in reasoning and decision making. Some of them are very common in gamblers (illusion of control, representativeness, availability, etc.). Structural characteristics and functioning of games of chance favor the appearance of these biases. Two experiments were conducted with nonpathological gamblers. The first experiment was a game of dice with wagers. In the second experiment, the participants played two bingo games. Specific rules of the games favored the appearance of cognitive bias (illusion of control) and heuristics (representativeness and availability) and influence on the bets. Results and implications for gambling are discussed.
A Graph-Grammar Approach to Represent Causal, Temporal and Other Contexts in an Oncological Patient Record
1996
AbstractThe data of a patient undergoing complex diagnostic and therapeutic procedures do not only form a simple chronology of events, but are closely related in many ways. Such data contexts include causal or temporal relationships, they express inconsistencies and revision processes, or describe patient-specific heuristics. The knowledge of data contexts supports the retrospective understanding of the medical decision-making process and is a valuable base for further treatment. Conventional data models usually neglect the problem of context knowledge, or simply use free text which is not processed by the program. In connection with the development of the knowledge-based system THEMPO (The…
Motivic Pattern Extraction in Symbolic Domain
2008
This chapter offers an overview of computational research in motivic pattern extraction. The central questions underlying the topic, concerning the formalization of the motivic structures, the matching strategies and the filtering of the results, have been addressed in various ways. A detailed analysis of these problems leads to the proposal of a new methodology, which will be developed throughout the study. One main conclusion of this review is that the problems cannot be tackled using purely mathematic or geometric heuristics or classical engineering tools, but require also a detailed understanding of the multiple constraints derived by the underlying cognitive context.
Heuristics and meta-heuristics for 2-layer straight line crossing minimization
2003
AbstractThis paper presents extensive computational experiments to compare 12 heuristics and 2 meta-heuristics for the problem of minimizing straight-line crossings in a 2-layer graph. These experiments show that the performance of the heuristics (largely based on simple ordering rules) drastically deteriorates as the graphs become sparser. A tabu search metaheuristic yields the best results for relatively dense graphs, with a GRASP implementation as close second. Furthermore, the GRASP approach outperforms all other approaches when tackling low-density graphs.
New Heuristic Algorithms for the Windy Rural Postman Problem
2005
[EN] In this paper we deal with the windy rural postman problem. This problem generalizes several important arc routing problems and has interesting real-life applications. Here, we present several heuristics whose study has lead to the design of a scatter search algorithm for the windy rural postman problem. Extensive computational experiments over different sets of instances, with sizes up to 988 nodes and 3952 edges, are also presented. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Understanding social behavior evolutions through agent-based modeling
2012
Agent-based social simulation as a computational approach to social simulation has been largely used to explore social phenomena. The purpose of this paper is to describe a theoretical model of transmission and evolution of social behaviors in a network of artificial societies (artificial world) using agent-based modeling technology. In this model, each agent (society) is subdivided into social behaviors where individual and social learning occur. The agent-agent interactions are carried out by their social behaviors; otherwise the agent-environment interactions through consumption of ecological resources by its social behaviors in repression and satisfaction. We distinguish social behavior…
Can We Do Better Next Time? Italians' Response to the COVID-19 Emergency through a Heuristics and Biases Lens.
2022
During the outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy, people often failed to adopt behaviors that could have stopped, or at least slowed down, the spread of this deadly disease. We offer cognitive explanations for these decisions, based on some of the most common heuristics and biases that are known to influence human judgment and decision-making, especially under conditions of high uncertainty. Our analysis concludes with the following recommendations: policymakers can and should take advantage of this established science, in order to communicate more effectively and increase the likelihood that people choose responsible actions in a public health crisis.