Search results for "HIPPOCAMPUS"
showing 10 items of 622 documents
Relations between basal ganglia and hippocampus: Action of substantia nigra and pallidum
1986
Several interrelationships exist between basal ganglia and hippocampus. The ventral striatum appears to be involved in the control of the dopaminergic nigro-striatal pathway. The caudate, in turn, seems to influence the hippocampal theta rhythm and to inhibit hippocampal spikes. In the present work the role played by globus pallidus pars interna and substantia nigra pars compacta on hippocampal bioelectrical activity is studied. Injection of sodium penicillin i.v. produces steady interictal spikes in the hippocampus. Substantia nigra stimulation induces regular theta rhythm and inhibits the spikes. Pallidal stimulation, on the contrary, appears to strongly enhance epileptiform activity, pro…
Physostigmine and Neuromuscular Transmission
1993
Single channel studies carried out in cultured rat myoballs and cultured hippocampal neurons, and ion flux studies performed on Torpedo electrocyte membrane vesicles, showed that physostigmine (Phy), a well-established acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, interacts directly with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Low concentrations (0.1 microM) of Phy activate the receptor integral channel, whereas higher concentrations blocked the channel in its opened state. In contrast to channel activation by acetylcholine (ACh) and classical cholinergic agonists, however, Phy was capable of activating the nAChR channel even when the ACh binding sites were blocked by competitive antagonists, such as …
TBBPA causes neurotoxic and the apoptotic responses in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons in vitro
2015
Abstract Background Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a brominated flame retardant widely used in a variety of commercial and household products. TBBPA can become bioaccumulated in human body fluids, and also in different brain regions. The aim of the present study was to determine the viability and apoptosis of cultured mouse hippocampal neurons in vitro after exposure to TBBPA. Additionally, we examined the involvement of ROS generation in the effect of TBBPA. Methods Primary hippocampal neuron cultures were prepared from Swiss mouse embryos on day 17/18 of gestation. The cultures were treated with TBBPA at concentrations ranging from 1 nM to 100 μM for 30 min or 3, 6 or 24 h. To study apo…
5' tRNA halves are highly expressed in the primate hippocampus and might sequence-specifically regulate gene expression
2020
Fragments of mature tRNAs have long been considered as mere degradation products without physiological function. However, recent reports show that tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) play prominent roles in diverse cellular processes across a wide spectrum of species. Contrasting the situation in other small RNA pathways the mechanisms behind these effects appear more diverse, more complex, and are generally less well understood. In addition, surprisingly little is known about the expression profiles of tsRNAs across different tissues and species. Here, we provide an initial overview of tsRNA expression in different species and tissues, revealing very high levels of 5′ tRNA halves (5′ tRHs) pa…
Temporospatial expression of HSP72 and c-JUN, and DNA fragmentation in goat hippocampus after global cerebral ischemia
2001
The role of gene induction (expression of HSP72 and c-JUN proteins) and delayed ischemic cell death (in situ labeling of DNA fragmentation) have been investigated in the goat hippocampus after transient global cerebral ischemia. The animals were subjected to 20-min ischemia (bilateral occlusion of the external carotid arteries plus bilateral jugular vein compression) and allowed to reperfuse for 2 h, and then 1, 3, and 7 days. Histological signs of cell loss were not found in the hippocampus at 2 h, 1 day, or 3 days of reperfusion. However, such an ischemic insult produced extensive, selective, and delayed degeneration in the hippocampus, as 68% of the neurons in CA1 had died at 7 days, but…
Neuronal expression and regulation of rat inhibitor of apoptosis protein-2 by kainic acid in the rat brain
2002
Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) define a protein family with the ability to counteract cell death by the inhibition of different caspases activated during apoptosis. These proteins are present in different cells, however, the function and roles of IAPs in brain tissue are not fully understood. We report here that RIAP-2, the rat homologue of human cIAP-1/HIAP-2, is expressed in different areas of rat brain as shown by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Brain regions with relatively high expression of RIAP-2 mRNA included cortex, cerebellum and different subregions of rat hippocampus. Double labelling using a specific anti-RIAP antibody and markers for neurons and glial …
Integrative proteomics: functional and molecular characterization of a particular glutamate-related neuregulin isoform.
2005
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain and is related to memory by calcium-conducting receptors. Neuregulins have emerged as long-term modulating molecules of synaptic signaling by glutamate receptors, playing a role in some cognition/memory-related disorders and moreover being part of transient functional microdomains, called lipid rafts. Here we characterize one specific isoform of neuregulin as a central biomarker for glutamate-related signaling, integrating results from in vitro and in vivo models by a differential functional and proteomic approach.
In‐depth protein profiling of the postsynaptic density from mouse hippocampus using data‐independent acquisition proteomics
2014
Located at neuronal terminals, the postsynaptic density (PSD) is a highly complex network of cytoskeletal scaffolding and signaling proteins responsible for the transduction and modulation of glutamatergic signaling between neurons. Using ion-mobility enhanced data-independent label-free LC-MS/MS, we established a reference proteome of crude synaptosomes, synaptic junctions, and PSD derived from mouse hippocampus including TOP3-based absolute quantification values for identified proteins. The final dataset across all fractions comprised 49 491 peptides corresponding to 4558 protein groups. Of these, 2102 protein groups were identified in highly purified PSD in at least two biological replic…
Systemic PaO2 oscillations cause mild brain injury in a pig model
2016
OBJECTIVE: Systemic PaO2 oscillations occur during cyclic recruitment and derecruitment of atelectasis in acute respiratory failure and might harm brain tissue integrity. DESIGN: Controlled animal study. SETTING: University research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Adult anesthetized pigs. INTERVENTIONS: Pigs were randomized to a control group (anesthesia and extracorporeal circulation for 20 hr with constant PaO2, n = 10) or an oscillation group (anesthesia and extracorporeal circulation for 20 hr with artificial PaO2 oscillations [3 cycles min⁻¹], n = 10). Five additional animals served as native group (n = 5). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Outcome following exposure to artificial PaO2 oscillations…
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is critically involved in basal and fluoxetine-stimulated adult hippocampal cell proliferation and in anxiety,…
2011
Intensive research is devoted to unravel the neurobiological mechanisms mediating adult hippocampal neurogenesis, its regulation by antidepressants, and its behavioral consequences. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is expressed in the CNS, where its function is unknown. Here, we show, for the first time, the relevance of MIF expression for adult hippocampal neurogenesis. We identify MIF expression in neurogenic cells (in stem cells, cells undergoing proliferation, and in newly proliferated cells undergoing maturation) in the subgranular zone of the rodent dentate gyrus. A causal function for MIF in cell proliferation was shown using genetic (M…