Search results for "HIV"
showing 10 items of 1527 documents
Toward ‘Vaccine Internationalism’: The Need for an Equitable and Coordinated Global Vaccination Approach to Effectively Combat COVID-19
2021
International audience
Health sector spending and spending on HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, and development assistance for health: progress towards Sustainable Devel…
2020
BACKGROUND: Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 aims to "ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages". While a substantial effort has been made to quantify progress towards SDG3, less research has focused on tracking spending towards this goal. We used spending estimates to measure progress in financing the priority areas of SDG3, examine the association between outcomes and financing, and identify where resource gains are most needed to achieve the SDG3 indicators for which data are available. METHODS: We estimated domestic health spending, disaggregated by source (government, out-of-pocket, and prepaid private) from 1995 to 2017 for 195 countries and territories. For …
The impact of information and communication technology (ICT), education and regulation on economic freedom in Islamic Middle Eastern countries
2009
Our study investigated the impact of ICT expansion on economic freedom in the Middle East (Bahrain, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen). Our empirical analysis used archival data from 1995 to 2005; it showed that ICT expansion in the Middle East has been effective both in bridging the digital divide and also in promoting economic freedom in a region that was vulnerable to political, social, and global conflict. However, differences between countries, such as the educational attainment of their citizens and institutional resistance to technology acceptance, both enhanced and restricted the relationship between ICT and economic fre…
Twenty Years of HIV-1 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Time to Reevaluate their Toxicity
2011
Twenty years of effective clinical application have consolidated non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) as essential components of the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) employed in the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). However, as the disease has come under control, there has been growing emphasis on the long-term adverse effects induced by this chronic pharmacological therapy. Although traditionally considered to be safe and well-tolerated drugs, there is mounting evidence that associates NNRTI with the onset of cutaneous reactions, neuropsychiatric symptoms, hepatotoxicity, metabolic disturbances and gastrointestinal toxicity. Though the clinical…
Ecological Indicator Values of Europe (EIVE) 1.0: A Powerful Open-Access Tool for Vegetation Scientists
2016
International audience; Background: Ecological indicator values (EIVs) have a long tradition in vegetation ecological research in Europe. EIVs characterise the ecological optimum of species along major environmental gradients using ordinal scales. Calculating mean indicator values per plot is an effective way of bioindication. Following first systems in Russia and Central Europe, about two dozen EIV systems have been published for various parts of Europe.Aims: As there was no EIV system available at European scale that could be used for broad- scale analyses, e.g. in the context of the European Vegetation Archive (EVA), we develop such a system for the first time for the vascular plants of …
El taller del encuadernador Tomás Cobo y sucesores y la gestión de sus encargos en la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (1859-19…
2023
El presente trabajo trata de analizar la relación entre el taller de Tomás Cobo, su viuda y su sobrino Luis Obispo, desde 1859 hasta 1905, con la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, estudiando la gestión de los encargos que se produjeron, conociendo el tipo de encuadernaciones que se encargaban, el número de volúmenes, el tipo de obras (monografías, revistas, publicaciones internas de la propia Academia…), los precios, los distintos talleres… Tomás Cobo trabajó para la Academia entre 1859 y 1869, su viuda entre 1869 y 1884 y su sobrino Luis Obispo entre 1884 y 1905, fecha última de la que tenemos documentación en la Academia
U.I.R.D.A. – Unbuilt Italian Rationalism Digital Archive
2018
For twenty years, the architecture of Italian rationalism through the digital modelling has been investigated. Very often, the production of a model and the consequent representation of tridimensional views, in many case studies, as outcome of the research on architecture have been considered. Actually, the digital model, intended as a critical tool, has to be conceived as a ‘starting point' for graphic analysis of architecture and not as the outcome. Indeed, it is associated to other graphics, sometimes not ‘deducted' from the model, useful for the understanding/translation of architecture. The construction of the model is not the construction of a simple image, operation, which is often c…
Toward a Reference Architecture for Archival Systems
2013
Long-term preservation of product data is imperative for many organizations. A product data archive should be designed to ensure information accessibility and understanding over time. Approaches such as the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model and the Audit and Certification of Trustworthy Digital Repositories (ACTDR) provide a framework for conceptually describing and evaluating archives. These approaches are generic and do not focus on particular contexts or content types. Enterprise architecture provides a way to describe systems in their potentially complex environments.
El cementerio romano meridional: Nuevos y viejos datos
1996
Mass loading, distribution, and removal of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs in selected wastewater treatment plants in Kenya.
2020
The discharge of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) into the aquatic environment from wastewater effluents is a concern in many countries. Although many studies have been conducted to evaluate the APIs removal efficiencies and emissions to the environment in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), most of these studies considered the aqueous and sludge phases, disregarding the suspended particulate matter (SPM) phase. To try to understand the role of the SPM, the occurrence of five most common antibiotics and three antiretroviral drugs (ARVDs) commonly used in Kenya were investigated in this study. APIs partitioning and mass loading in influents and effluents of three different WWTPs: tr…