Search results for "HIV"
showing 10 items of 1527 documents
First case of monkeypox virus, SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection
2022
Description of Klebsiella spallanzanii sp. nov. and of Klebsiella pasteurii sp. nov
2019
AbstractKlebsiella oxytocacauses opportunistic human infections and post-antibiotic haemorrhagic diarrhoea. ThisEnterobacteriaceaespecies is genetically heterogeneous and is currently subdivided into seven phylogroups (Ko1 to Ko4, Ko6 to Ko8). Here we investigated the taxonomic status of phylogroups Ko3 and Ko4. Genomic sequence-based phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that Ko3 and Ko4 formed well-defined sequence clusters related to, but distinct from,Klebsiella michiganensis(Ko1),Klebsiella oxytoca(Ko2),K. huaxiensis(Ko8) andK. grimontii(Ko6). The average nucleotide identity of Ko3 and Ko4 were 90.7% withK. huaxiensisand 95.5% withK. grimontii, respectively. In addition, three strains ofK.…
Darunavir en situaciones especiales
2016
Drug Resistance in Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium Bloodstream Infection, Malawi
2014
To the Editor: Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium is one of the most common causes of bloodstream infection in sub-Saharan Africa (1). Among adults, the principal risk factor for invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease is advanced HIV infection; up to 44% of HIV-infected patients experience bacteremic recurrence through recrudescence of the original infection (2,3). Epidemics of iNTS disease in sub-Saharan Africa have been associated with a novel genotype of S. enterica ser. Typhimurium of multilocus sequence type (ST) 313 that is rarely seen outside the region and is associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) to chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, and ampicillin (4,5). As a conse…
Diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: multicenter evaluation of a newly developed anti-HIV 1 and 2 enzyme immunoassay.
1994
A new anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 (anti-HIV 1 and 2) test is described. It uses recombinant p24 and peptides covering gp32, gp41, and gp120 to identify HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. This test has been shown to be specific (99.5%) and sensitive (99.8%). In this respect, the assay was equal or superior to anti-HIV 1 and 2 tests run as references. The test was able to discriminate sera from patients with HIV infections from those from uninfected individuals with excellence; it also exerted high intra- and interassay precisions. The "modular" concept of the test allows the use of single components (gp32 or gp41) to separate between HIV-2 and HIV-1 infections, respectively.
Reduction of nevirapine-driven HIV mutations by carbamazepine is modulated by CYP3A activity
2014
Item does not contain fulltext OBJECTIVES: The reduction in mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 by single-dose nevirapine given at birth onset is achieved at the expense of de novo HIV-1 resistance mutations. In the VITA1 study, single-dose carbamazepine accelerated nevirapine elimination, but the accompanying trend towards fewer de novo HIV-1 mutations was statistically non-significant. METHODS: We investigated if the effect of carbamazepine was confounded by the individual variability in nevirapine metabolism and transport. RESULTS: Nine of 34 (26%) single-dose nevirapine-treated women had one or more nevirapine-associated resistance mutations, compared with 3 of 34 (9%) in the single-d…
Characterization of new recombinant forms of HIV-1 from the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain) by phylogenetic incongruence
2019
Recombination is one of the main processes shaping the evolution of HIV-1, with relevant consequences for its epidemiology. In fact, Circulating and Unique Recombinant Forms (CRFs and URFs) cause 23% of current infections. The routine analyses of antiretroviral resistance yield partial pol gene sequences that can be exploited for molecular epidemiology surveillance but also to study viral diversity and to detect potential recombinant samples. Among the pol sequences derived from a large sample dataset from the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain), we identified nine putative recombinant samples. We aimed at fully characterizing these samples and performing a detailed analysis of the corresponding r…
Visceral leishmaniasis: host-parasite interactions and clinical presentation in the immunocompetent and in the immunocompromised host.
2013
SummaryVisceral leishmaniases are vector-borne parasitic diseases caused by protozoa belonging to the genus Leishmania. The heterogeneity of clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics of the disease reflect the complex interplay between the infecting Leishmania species and the genetic and immunologic characteristics of the infected host. The clinical presentation of visceral leishmaniasis depends strictly on the immunocompetency of the host and ranges from asymptomatic to severe forms. Conditions of depression of the immune system, such as HIV infection or immunosuppressive treatments, impair the capability of the immune response to resolve the infection and allow reactivat…
Optimum combination therapy regimens for HIV/HCV infection
2016
HIV-HCV co-infection mostly affects intravenous drug users, in whom prevalence has tended to decrease in recent years, while it has increased in men who have sex with men, with occurrence of acute hepatitis C. Hepatitis C has a poorer prognosis in patients co-infected with HIV, as clinical progression is faster and degree of hepatic fibrosis is greater. However, optimized ARV treatment is clearly associated with slower progression to hepatic complications. Interactions between HCV and HIV drugs are numerous, which underlines the importance of pharmacological advice for HIV-treated patients before they start HCV treatment. In HIV-HCV co-infection, treatment of hepatitis C has to be offered a…
Análisis de resultados del Programa de Control de Calidad Externo SEIMC de carga viral del VIH-1, VHC y VHB. AÑO 2018
2020
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis B (HBV) and C virus (HCV) viral load determinations are among the most relevant markers for the follow-up of patients infected with these viruses. External quality control tools are crucial to ensure the accuracy of the results obtained by microbiology laboratories. This article summarised the results obtained from the 2017 SEIMC External Quality Control Programme for HIV-1, HCV, and HBV viral loads and HCV genotyping. METHODS AND RESULTS In the HIV-1 programme, a total of five standards were sent. One standard consisted of seronegative human plasma, while the remaining four contained plasma from three different viremic pa…