Search results for "HORMONES"
showing 10 items of 1169 documents
Serum leptin level as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in infectious diseases and sepsis: A comprehensive literature review.
2021
Abstract Background: Infections and sepsis are common causes of morbidity and mortality, with an increasing incidence worldwide. Leptin is involved in the inflammatory process and may modulate the cytokine production, immune cell proliferation and endothelial function. There are conflicting results regarding alterations of leptin levels in infectious diseases and the outcome from sepsis. The aim of the current article is to provide an overview of the medical literature on the correlations between variations of leptin levels and infectious diseases and sepsis. Methods: We performed an extensive literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar databases, using keywords to identify articles rela…
The role of the leptin in reproduction.
2006
Since its discovery in 1994, leptin has appeared to be a pleiotrophic hormone, governing energy homeostasis and affecting many tissues in the body. Numerous pieces of evidence have accumulated showing that leptin potentially plays an important role in the control of the reproductive function.This review presents the major concepts for the role of leptin in the modulation of reproductive function. As a marker of the nutritional status, leptin affects the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis, regulating gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and luteinising hormone secretion, and appears to be a permissive factor in the onset of the puberty. This protein and its receptor have been found in the reprodu…
Synergistic interaction between CCK and leptin to regulate food intake.
2000
Abstract Leptin administered (either intracerebroventricularly, icv, or intraperitoneally, ip) acts in synergy with CCK to suppress food intake and body weight in lean mice or rats. The potentiating effect induced by the co-injection of ip CCK and leptin to inhibit food consumption in mice is mediated by the CCK-A receptor and capsaicin sensitive afferents. In vitro, studies in rats showed that a subset of gastric vagal afferent fibers responded to leptin injected directly into the gastric artery only after a prior intra-arterial CCK injection. Moreover, the tonic activity of gastric-related neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) increased when leptin was delivered into the gastric…
Paracrine dialogue in implantation
2002
We know that the implantation process requires a functionally normal embryo at the blastocyst stage and a receptive endometrium, but also a communication link between them is needed. This paracrine dialogue between the embryo, endometrium and the corpus luteum are known to occur in ruminants and primates, more specifically endometrial-embryonic interactions have been reported in rodents and primates but not in humans. This process is a highly regulated mechanism and many molecules take part in this cross-talk. Here, we present updated information in humans on the embryonic regulation of endometrial epithelial molecules such as chemokines, adhesion and anti-adhesion molecules, and leptin dur…
Metabolic adaptations in neonatal mother-deprived rabbits
2010
[EN] In order to study the metabolic adaptation in response to 48 h transient doe-litter separation (DLS) in young rabbits (5 rabbits/d group) between postnatal 9 and 11 d, plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones T3 and T4, insulin, leptin, glucose, triglycerides (TG), and free fatty acids (FFA) were examined before (6-8 d), during (9-11 d), and after separation (12-16 d). T3 concentrations in newborn control rabbits gradually increased from 0.6 ng/mL at postnatal 6 d to 1.0 ng/mL at postnatal 16 d, whereas those of T4 remained fairly constant (25 ng/mL) up to postnatal 14 d, when T4 gradually declined to 8 ng/mL. T3 values of DLS newborn rabbits did not differ from those of controls at p…
Bisphenol-A impairs insulin action and up-regulates inflammatory pathways in human subcutaneous adipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells.
2013
Current evidence indicates that chemical pollutants may interfere with the homeostatic control of nutrient metabolism, thereby contributing to the increased prevalence of metabolic disorders. Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a lipophilic compound contained in plastic which is considered a candidate for impairing energy and glucose metabolism. We have investigated the impact of low doses of BPA on adipocyte metabolic functions. Human adipocytes derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were incubated with BPA, in order to evaluate the effect on glucose utilization, insulin sensitivity and cytokine secretion. Treatment with 1 nM BPA significantly inhibited insulin-stimulate…
Differential expression of estrogen receptors (ER?/ER?) in testis of mature and immature pigs
2004
High affinity estrogen receptors (ERs) mediate estrogen action in male reproductive tissues. The objective of the present study was the immunolocalization of estrogen receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta in immature and mature testes of pig, a species in which the role of estrogens on gonadal function is scarcely known. Testes from 3 and 18 month-old pigs were investigated. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin embedded-tissues using both mouse anti-human monoclonal IgG ERalpha and IgG ERbeta 1 isoform. Western blot analysis demonstrated antibody specificity. ERalpha staining was not observed in immature testes, but it was detected in spermatogonia, spermatocytes and in the mo…
Reaction of melatonin with lipoperoxyl radicals in phospholipid bilayers.
1997
Melatonin, at 5 to 500 microM was incorporated in unilamellar soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes, the peroxidation of which was induced by 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane-hydrochloride) (AAPH), and measured as production of conjugated diene lipid hydroperoxides. Concentration as low as 5 and 10 microM were poorly effective in reducing lipid peroxidation. Melatonin at 30 to 500 microM caused short inhibition periods, increasing with, but not linearly related to concentration, with a concurrent net decrease of the propagation rate. The time course of melatonin oxidation, measured as loss of fluorescence, was studied during the AAPH-stimulated peroxidation of soybean PC liposomes, or whe…
In vitro induction of cecropin genes — an immune response in a Drosophila blood cell line
1992
The Drosophila melanogaster cell line mbn-2 was explored as a model system to study insect immune responses in vitro. This cell line is of blood cell origin, derived from larval hemocytes of the mutant lethal (2) malignant blood neoplasm (1(2)mbn). The mbn-2 cells respond to microbial substances by the activation of cecropin genes, coding for bactericidal peptides. The response is stronger than that previously described for SL2 cells, and four other tested Drosophila cell lines were totally unresponsive. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide, algal laminarin (a beta-1,3-glucan), and bacterial flagellin were strong inducers, bacterial peptidoglycan fragments gave a weaker response, whereas a formyl-m…
Beta- and gamma-melanocortins inhibit lipopolysaccharide induced nitric oxide production in mice brain.
2003
The pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) mediates many diverse physiological actions, including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. However, little is known about the physiological roles of the other melanocortins, beta- and gamma-MSH. Here, we investigated the effects of melanocortin peptides in an in vivo neuroinflammation model. Six hours following intracisternal (i.c.) administration of 10 microg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mice a five-fold increase in the nitric oxide (NO) level was seen in the animals' brains, when detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). All tested melanocortins, alpha-, beta-, gamma1- and gamma2-…