Search results for "HORTICULTURE"
showing 10 items of 1421 documents
Lasiolactols A and B Produced by the Grapevine Fungal Pathogen Lasiodiplodia mediterranea
2016
A strain of Lasiodiplodia mediterranea, a fungus associated with grapevine decline in Sicily, produced several metabolites in liquid medium. Two new dimeric c-lactols, lasiolactols A and B (1 and 2), were characterized as (2S*,3S*,4R*,5R*,20S*,30S*,40R*,50R*)-and (2R*,3S*,4R*,5R*,20R*,30S*,40R*,50R*)-(5-(4-hydroxymethyl-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydrofuran- 2-yloxy)-2,4-dimethyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl]-methanols by IR, 1D-and 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS. Other four metabolites were identified as botryosphaeriodiplodin, (5R)-5-hydroxylasiodiplodin, (-)-(1R, 2R)-jasmonic acid, and (-)-(3S, 4R, 5R)-4-hydroxymethyl-3,5-dimethyldihydro-2-furanone (3 - 6, resp.). The absolute configuration (R) at hydroxylated s…
Role of secondary metabolites in the biocontrol activity of Pseudomonas corrugata and Pseudomonas mediterranea
2017
In this study, the Pseudomonas corrugata strain CFBP 5454 and the P. mediterranea strain CFBP 5447 were shown to produce diffusible compounds that inhibit the in vitro growth of plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria and antifungal volatile compounds. In addition, both bacterial strains were found to produce cyanide. Mutant derivatives in LuxR transcriptional regulators, i.e. P. corrugata GL2 (pcoR mutant) and GLRFIA (rfiA mutant), and P. mediterranea PSMER (pmeR mutant) and PSRFIA (rfiA mutant) impaired in cyclic lipopeptide (CLP) production, showed a diffusible compound-mediated reduced activity, depending on the biocontrol strain, challenge microorganism and culture medium. The volatile com…
Cultivation trials of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) in semi-arid environments
2020
Abstract The recent developments in the market and craft beer industry in Italy have led to an increasing demand for local raw materials, such as barley malt and hops. Few works have been addressed to evaluate suitability and productivity of hop in semi-arid Italian environments. With this purpose, two experiments were carried out in 2018 and 2019, testing the suitability to cultivation of three commonly used hop varieties (Cascade, Chinook and Nuggett) in two typical semi-arid environments in Sicily. Phenological stages were also evaluated, and GDDs accumulated in vegetative and reproductive stages were calculated according to 9 different methods, dealing with three Tbase temperatures (0 °…
Evolution of Carotenoids, Sensory Profiles and Volatile Compounds in Microwave-Dried Fruits of Three Different Loquat Cultivars (Eriobotrya japonica …
2020
The consumption of loquat fruits is highly appreciated for their carotenoid content and valuable sensory notes, but it is limited due to the low shelf-life. An on-line temperature controlled microwave system based on infrared thermography was used to dry three different loquat cultivar at 60 °C. The time to reach the target value of 23% moisture content was about 105 min in Claudia fruits and 162 min in Virticchiara and Peluche. Seven carotenoids were identified in loquat fruits, among these the major were all-trans-β-carotene in Virticchiara and Claudia. Virticchiara had the major total carotenoid content (206 μg/g dry basis), followed by Peluche (158 μg/g d.b.) and Claudia (41 μg/g d.b.).…
Diversity of Sterol Composition in Tunisian Pistacia lentiscus Seed Oil
2016
International audience; Pistacia lentiscus L. seed oil is used in some Mediterranean forest area for culinary and medicinal purposes. In this study, we aim to examine, for the first time, the effect of growing area on sterol content of Pistacia lentiscus seed oil. Fruits were harvested from 13 different sites located in northern and central Tunisia. Gas chromatography-flame-ionization detection (GC-FID) was used to quantify sterols and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to identify them. The major sterol identified was b-sitosterol with a value ranging from 854.12 to 1224.09 mg/kg of oil, thus making up more than 54% of the total sterols. The other two main sterols were c…
Native Vineyard Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts Used for Biological Control of Botrytis cinerea in Stored Table Grape
2021
Postharvest spoilage fungi, such as Botrytis cinerea, are considered the main cause of losses of fresh fruit quality and vegetables during storage, distribution, and consumption. The current control strategy is the use of SO2 generator pads whose application is now largely under observation. A high quantity of SO2 can be deleterious for fresh fruits and vegetables and it is not allowed in organic agriculture. For this reason, great attention has been recently focused on identifying Biological Control Agents (BCA) to implement biological approaches devoid of chemicals. In this direction, we carried out our study in isolating five different non-Saccharomyces yeast strains from local vineyards…
Biochemical characterization and antioxidant activity of grape ( Vitis vinifera L.) seed oils from nine Tunisian varieties
2018
IF 1.552; International audience
Inoculation of airborne conidia of Penicillium chrysogenum on the surface of a solid medium
2016
International audience; To reproduce a fungal contamination of food products by airborne conidia, a method to inoculate a few number (in the range 1-9) of conidia on the surface of agar media was developed. This technique would allow to determine accurately the time to detection of fungal colonies, then the mould free shelf-life of food products by using dry conidia. The method was based on dry-harvesting the conidia in the lid by gently taping the bottom of the dishes where sporulating mycelium was grown, retaining the conidia on glass beads, and, aseptically transferring the beads to successive Petri dishes to "dilute" the samples. Among the eleven factors tested by means of an experiment…
Identification and Quantification of Valuable Compounds in Red Grape Seeds
2021
Grape seeds are a by-product of the wine industry. They represent 38–52% of grape pomace and about 5% of the weight of grapes. The main objective of this study is to establish some important characteristics of grape seeds from red varieties cultivated in Romania. The analyzed grape varieties were Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot noir, Burgund Mare, Cadarcă, Syrah, Novac. The grape seeds were dried and ground and the following determinations were made: determination of total polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity, antiradical capacity and determination of phenolic compounds. The analyses were performed on the first day after obtaining the grape extract, on the 14th day and the 30th day. T…
Over-expression of CsGSTU promotes tolerance to the herbicide alachlor and resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci in transgenic tobacco
2017
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) mainly catalyze the nucleophilic addition of glutathione to a large variety of hydrophobic molecules participating to the vacuole compartmentalization of many toxic compounds. In this work, the putative tolerance of transgenic tobacco plants over-expressing CsGSTU genes towards the chloroacetanilide herbicide alachlor was investigated. Our results show that the treatment with 0.0075 mg cm-3 of alachlor strongly affects the growth of both wild type and transformed tobacco seedlings with the sole exception of the transgenic lines overexpressing CsGSTU2 isoform that are barely influenced by herbicide treatment. In order to correlate the in planta studies with en…