Search results for "HPV"
showing 10 items of 166 documents
Human Papillomavirus Infection: A Risk Factor for Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancers
2020
A wide range of human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence data is now available for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), especially for those cancers originating from the epithelial lining of the upper aero-digestive tract (UADT) (i.e., the pharynx, the larynx, and the oral cavity). There is strong evidence that supports HPV as an etiological cause of head and neck carcinogenesis particularly for distinct oropharyngeal subsites. A specific molecular, histopathological, clinical, and prognostic profile is intimately connected with HPV infection. While the role of HPV in oropharyngeal carcinogenesis is firmly acknowledged, its role in oral cancer is currently being debated. Several re…
Chapter 22: Assuring the quality, safety and efficacy of HPV vaccines: The scientific basis of regulatory expectations pre- and post-licensure
2006
The potential of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines will only be realized if the vaccine candidates under development prove to be safe and effective and can be consistently produced to define quality standards. Whilst the responsibility for delivering a safe and effective product rests with the vaccine producer, a vaccine requires a license to allow it to be placed on the market. Licensure is based on an evaluation of the safety and efficacy profile of a vaccine candidate by national regulatory authorities, ideally on the basis of internationally agreed, science-based specifications and procedures. For vaccines, these international specifications are developed by the World Health Organizat…
USE OF FUZZY NEURAL NETWORKS IN MODELING RELATIONSHIPS OF HPV INFECTION WITH APOPTOTIC AND PROLIFERATION MARKERS IN POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT ORAL LESIONS
2005
To evaluate in oral leukoplakia the relationship between HPV infection and markers of apoptosis (bcl-2, survivin) and proliferation (PCNA), also conditionally to age, gender, smoking and drinking habits of patients, by means of Fuzzy neural networks (FNN) system 21 cases of oral leukopakia, clinically and histologically diagnosed, were examined for HPV DNA presence, bcl-2, survivin and PCNA expression. HPV DNA was investigated in exfoliated oral mucosa cells by nested PCR (nPCR: MY09-MY11/GP5-GP6), and the HPV genotype determined by direct DNA sequencing. All markers were investigated by means of standardised immunohistochemistry procedure. Data were analysed by chi-square test, crude OR an…
HPV DNA and survivin expression in epithelial oral carcinogenesis: a relationship?
2004
Abstract HPV has been thought to be involved in the development of several oral diseases, such as premalignant mucosal lesions and oral carcinoma. Survivin is a recently characterized IAP protein, which is abundantly expressed in most solid and haematological malignancies, but undetectable in normal adult tissues. Aim of this study was to investigate survivin expression and HPV presence in oral premalignant lesions and oral carcinoma. 47 samples of oral tissue including 11 squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), 16 oral leukoplakias (OL) and 20 normal oral mucosa specimens, after investigation of HPV presence by nested PCR (consensus MY/GP primers) and viral genotype identification by direct seque…
H3 and H3.3 histone mRNA amounts and ratio in oral squamous cell carcinoma and leukoplakia.
2006
Histone variants (e.g. H3) play an important role in chromatin structure and gene expression regulation of normal cells. Aims of this study were to: (1) estimate H3 and H3.3 histone mRNA expressions and their ratio in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral leukoplakia (OL); (2) investigate whether H3 and H3.3 variants could play a role in the pathogenesis of OSCC and OL, also conditionally to HPV infection, age, gender, and main habits (tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking) in human beings studied. Twenty-three cases of OSCC and 20 cases of OL were examined in lesion site (LS) and juxtaposed clinically undamaged site (JUS) by RT-PCR for H3 and H3.3 histone mRNA; 13 healthy oral mucosa…
Overview of the benefitsand potential issues of the nonavalent HPV vaccine
2017
HPV-related diseases affect anogenital and oropharyngeal regions, heavily affecting the psychosexual dimension of both male and female individuals. HPV vaccination programs based on a bivalent or quadrivalent vaccine have opened broad perspectives for primary prevention. A nonavalent HPV vaccine (9vHPV), covering nine genotypes (HPV6, HPV11, HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, HPV45, HPV52, and HPV58), might provide further improvement in terms of direct protection. In the present report, efficacy and safety data from 9vHPV vaccine development programs are examined. Efficacy data come from a pivotal trial, which was conducted among women aged 16–26 years randomly assigned to receive either the 9vHP…
Human papilloma virus infection and vaccination: Pre-post intervention analysis on knowledge, attitudes and willingness to vaccinate among preadolesc…
2020
In recent years, vaccination coverage rates against Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in Europe have shown a decreasing trend and remain below the required standard. The present study aims to assess knowledge and attitudes regarding HPV infection and vaccination among a representative sample of preadolescents of Palermo, Italy. A survey was carried out throughout two questionnaires, before and after carrying out an educational intervention scheduled during school hours. A total of 1702 students attending first-grade secondary schools of the province of Palermo were enrolled (response rate 68.9%). Students attending third classes (adj OR = 1.18
Is there a lack of information on HPV vaccination given by health professionals to young women?
2013
Objective: The aim of this survey is to compare the main sources of information about vaccination against Human papillomavirus (HPV) of young women aged over-18 and under-18 years.Methods: A multicenter study was carried out in Italy through the administration of a questionnaire. Univariate analyses were conducted to evaluate possible differences between age groups and different locations (chi-square test and Fisher test where possible).Results: The sample consisted of 987 young women. The main sources of information about HPV vaccination are represented by magazines/books (23.1%) and TV (20.5%) for the over-18s, while for the under-18s the sources are general practitioners (22.6%) and pedi…
Penile, Uretral and Seminal Sampling for Diagnosis of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Men.
2006
ABSTRACT Methods that used specimens from three genital sites (penile brushing [PB], urethral brushing [UB], and the retrieval of semen [SE]) from 50 men were examined for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection. The rates of detection by PB, UB, SE, PB and UB, and PB and SE were 88.9%, 50.0%, 33.3%, 100%, and 97.2%, respectively. The use of PB and UB appears to be the most accurate method; as an alternative to UB, the use of SE with PB could be used to improve the rate of HPV DNA detection in men.
Anal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up
2010
Anal cancer is strongly associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the presence of the HPV genome has been identified in 80%–85% of cases. Other important risk factors include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), immune suppression in transplant recipients and cigarette smoking. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)may play a secondary role in disease progression.Dietaryhabits, chronic inflammatory diseases and the presence of haemorrhoids do not appear to predispose to epidermoid anal cancer. Previous (gynaecological, lymphoma or leukemia) or subsequent (e.g. lung, bladder, vulva, vagina or breast) malignancy is more likely in anal cancer patients. Th…