Search results for "Head"

Glycolytic metabolism and tumour response to fractionated irradiation.

2009

Abstract Background and purpose To study whether pre-therapeutic lactate or pyruvate predict for tumour response to fractionated irradiation and to identify possible coherencies between intermediates of glycolysis and expression levels of selected proteins. Materials and methods Concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, glucose and ATP were quantified via bioluminescence imaging in tumour xenografts derived from 10 human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) lines. Tumours were irradiated with 30 fractions within 6weeks. Expression levels of the selected proteins in tumours were measured at the mRNA and protein level. Tumour-infiltrating leucocytes were quantified after staining for CD45…

Sonoporation, a redefined ultrasound modality as therapeutic aid: a review.

2011

Traditionally a diagnostic modality, ultrasound is emerging as a promising tool for non-invasive therapy, drug delivery, and gene therapy. The ultrasound is a mechanical wave energy generated in a medium as oscillating pressure in space and time at frequencies above 20 kHz, beyond the audible range. The ultrasound exposure generates bioeffects resulting in tissue heating, shear stress, and cavitation, which have been exploited for therapeutic applications. Ultrasound cavitation, enhanced by injected micro bubbles, perturbs cell membrane structures to cause sonoporation and increases the permeability to bioactive materials. Ultrasound-mediated gene delivery has been applied to heart, blood v…

Oral Rhabdomyosarcoma: a review

2012

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare malignant soft tissue neoplasm comprised of cells derived from the primitive mesen¬chyme. About 35% of RMS arises in the head and neck, are are classified as parameningeal and non-parameningeal forms. These are the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the children, adolescents and young adults. Their etiopathogenesis and its molecular relevance have been emphasized. The first line of treatment is radical excision and this is usually supplemented by radiotherapy. It is believed that adjunct combination chemotherapy may greatly improve the prognosis. Inadequately treated tumours grow in an infiltrative manner and recur in a high percentage of cases. Bone does no…

In Vitro Identification and Characterization of CD133pos Cancer Stem-Like Cells in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Lines

2008

BackgroundRecent publications suggest that neoplastic initiation and growth are dependent on a small subset of cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs). Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma (ATC) is a very aggressive solid tumor with poor prognosis, characterized by high dedifferentiation. The existence of CSCs might account for the heterogeneity of ATC lesions. CD133 has been identified as a stem cell marker for normal and cancerous tissues, although its biological function remains unknown.Methodology/principal findingsATC cell lines ARO, KAT-4, KAT-18 and FRO were analyzed for CD133 expression. Flow cytometry showed CD133(pos) cells only in ARO and KAT-4 (64+/-9% and 57+/-12%, respectively). These …

Effect of Torasemide — A New Cl--Transport Inhibitor on Glial Swelling by Lactacidosis and Glutamate

1993

Cytotoxic brain edema, i.e. swelling of glial- and nerve cells is a common result of cerebral ischemia, brain trauma, metabolic disorders, and develops secondarily in vasogenic edema. During ischemia and severe head injury, brain tissue homeostasis is severely changed, and many parameters are simultaneously affected. To dissect and isolate the causal mechanisms leading to swelling of nerve- and glial cells, our laboratory has established an in vitro model [4, 5]. Thereby pathomechanisms can be studied in isolation without interference of epiphenomena taking place in damaged brain tissue under circumstances of cerebral ischemia or trauma. In previous studies the role of acidosis in cell swel…

TIMELESS in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

2019

A PCA Interpretation of the Glasgow Coma Scale in the Trauma Brain Injury PECARN Dataset

2018

CT scan is strongly recommended for a patient affected by head trauma, but he/she must absorb a certain amount of radiations. For this reason, the physician tries to avoid such a practice for pediatric patients. The symptoms analysis, visual/tactile inspection, and reactions to appropriate stimuli from the physician could induce him/her to put the patient in a period of observation instead of performing an immediate CT scan. As a consequence, the correct evaluation of those symptoms is a crucial task. For this reason, the Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale (PGCS) plays a fundamental role, because it is a numeric scale regarding the patient’s mental status. It is computed as the sum of the score f…

Prevalence of red ear syndrome in juvenile primary headaches.

2010

Background: Previous studies have suggested a relationship between ‘red ear syndrome’ (RES) and pediatric migraine. Aims of this study were (i) to assess the frequency, specificity and sensitivity of RES in a population of pediatric migraineurs and (ii) to establish the pathophysiological mechanisms of RES associated with migraine. Methods and results: A total of 226 children suffering from headache (aged 4–17 years) were enrolled. One hundred and seventy-two (76.4%) were affected by migraine, the remaining 54 (23.6%) by other primary headaches. RES was followed significantly more frequently by migraine (23.3%; p < .0001), and was characterized by high specificity and positive predictiv…

Pediatric Chronic Migraine Severity and Maternal Stress

2021

Primary headache is an increasing phenomenon in pediatric age, and very often, it causes disabling limitations in children’s daily activities, negatively affecting family well-being. There are conflicting data in the literature on the impact of children’s migraines on parental experienced stress. This study aimed to evaluate maternal stress in a sample of school-aged children with a migraine without aura (MwoA) and its correlation with migraine intensity and frequency. A total of 474 mothers aged between 31 and 55 participated in the study: 237 were mothers of children with MwoA, and 237 were mothers of typical developing children. All participants were administered the Parent Stress Index-…

Exposure to trihalomethanes through different water uses and birth weight, small for gestational age, and preterm delivery in Spain

2011

Background: Evidence associating exposure to water disinfection by-products with reduced birth weight and altered duration of gestation remains inconclusive. Objective: We assessed exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) during pregnancy through different water uses and evaluated the association with birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW), and preterm delivery. Methods: Mother–child cohorts set up in five Spanish areas during the years 2000–2008 contributed data on water ingestion, showering, bathing, and swimming in pools. We ascertained residential THM levels during pregnancy periods through ad hoc sampling campaigns (828 measurements) and regulatory data (264 me…