Search results for "Hepatitis B Surface Antigens"

showing 10 items of 102 documents

Smouldering hepatitis B virus replication in patients with chronic liver disease and hepatitis delta virus superinfection

1991

Hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV-DNA) was studied by Southern blot analysis in liver biopsy specimens from 75 HBsAg-positive patients with chronic liver disease living in southern Italy. Twenty-seven of the patients were hepatitis delta virus (HDV) superinfected. Intrahepatic HBV-DNA was detected in 54 (72%) patients, 32 (59%) of them with replicative forms. The presence of replicative forms was directly related to liver HBcAg and inversely related to liver HDAg, as shown by multivariate analysis. However, 14 patients with intrahepatic HBV-DNA non-replicative pattern and about half of HDV-infected patients were liver HBcAg and/or serum HBV-DNA positive, mostly in low amounts. Hi…

AdultDNA ReplicationMaleHepatitis B virusAdolescentvirusesPopulationVirus ReplicationChronic liver diseasemedicine.disease_causeVirusmedicineHumansChildeducationAgedHepatitis B viruseducation.field_of_studyHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatologymedicine.diagnostic_testbiologyLiver Diseasesvirus diseasesMiddle Agedbiochemical phenomena metabolism and nutritionbiology.organism_classificationmedicine.diseaseVirologyHepatitis Ddigestive system diseasesBlotting SouthernHBcAgLiverHepadnaviridaeChild PreschoolLiver biopsySuperinfectionChronic DiseaseDNA ViralImmunologyHepatitis Delta VirusJournal of Hepatology
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Hepatitis B surface antigen presentation and HLA-DRB1*– lessons from twins and peptide binding studies

2005

Summary The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the genetic association between certain HLA-DRB1* alleles and the immune response to HBsAg vaccination. Therefore, HBsAg peptide binding to HLA-DR molecules was measured in vitro by peptide binding ELISAs. Additionally, HBsAg-specific T cell reaction and cytokine profile of immune response were analysed ex vivo in ELISPOT assays and DR-restriction of T-cell proliferative responses was investigated with HBsAg specific T cell clones. In addition, we compared HBsAg specific T cell responses of 24 monozygotic and 3 dizygotic twin pairs after HBsAg vaccination. Our results showed that the peptide binding assays did not…

AdultHBsAgAdolescentT cellDizygotic twinMolecular Sequence DataImmunologyAntigen presentationAntibody AffinityTwinsMonozygotic twinEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayPeptide bindingLymphocyte ActivationMajor histocompatibility complexBinding CompetitiveClinical StudiesmedicineHLA-DRHumansImmunology and AllergyHepatitis B VaccinesAmino Acid SequenceCells CulturedAgedAntigen PresentationHepatitis B Surface Antigensbiologyvirus diseasesDendritic CellsHLA-DR AntigensMiddle AgedTh1 CellsVirologydigestive system diseasesmedicine.anatomical_structureImmunologybiology.proteinCytokinesHLA-DRB1 ChainsClinical and Experimental Immunology
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The influence of major histocompatibility complex class II genes and T-cell Vbeta repertoire on response to immunization with HBsAg.

1998

Nonresponsiveness to HBsAg vaccination is observed in 5-10% of vaccine recipients and is possibly caused by a defect in the T helper cell compartment. The immune response to HBsAg is influenced by genes of the major histocompatibility complex. We have investigated MHC class I and class II antigens in 53 adult responders and 73 nonresponders. Results obtained in this first study were tested in a second study with 56 responders and 62 nonresponders from an infant vaccination trial. In addition, the peripheral Vbeta-chain T-cell receptor repertoire was investigated using monoclonal antibodies and flow-cytometry in 26 adult responders and 38 nonresponders. As previously reported, nonresponsiven…

AdultHBsAgT cellReceptors Antigen T-Cell alpha-betaImmunologyGenes MHC Class IIMajor histocompatibility complexCohort StudiesImmune systemGene FrequencyMHC class ImedicineImmunology and AllergyHumansHepatitis B VaccinesAllelesDiphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis VaccineHepatitis B Surface AntigensbiologyT-cell receptorInfantGeneral MedicineT helper cellHLA-DR AntigensVirologyVaccinationmedicine.anatomical_structureImmunologybiology.proteinImmunizationHLA-DRB1 ChainsHuman immunology
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Pregnant women as a sentinel population to target and implement hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine coverage: a three-year survey in Palermo, Sicily.

2004

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine coverage was assessed using serologic patterns of infection (HBsAg, anti HBc) and vaccine-induced immunity (isolated anti HBs) among 3318 pregnant women attending the Obstetrical Unit of the University Hospital in Palermo who were screened over 3 years (2001-2003). Three thousand and eight of them (90.6%) were born in Sicily, whereas 310 (9.4%) were immigrants from non-EU countries. The overall prevalence of HBsAg was 1.1%, and it was significantly higher among immigrant than indigenous women (4.2% versus 0.8%; OR 5.26; p < 0.0001). Serologic evidence of past HBV infection (anti HBc) also was significantly higher in immigrants than in Sicilian women (24.5% ve…

AdultHepatitis B Surface AntigensAdolescentPregnant womenAge FactorsEmigration and ImmigrationMiddle AgedSettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E ApplicataHepatitis BItalyPregnancyHumansFemaleHepatitis B VaccinesHepatitis AntibodiesSentinel SurveillanceHBV infectionHBV vaccinationVaccine
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HLA-DRB1*1301 AND *1302 protect against chronic hepatitis B

1997

Abstract Background/Aims: The outcome of acute hepatitis B infection may be influenced by host factors like the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). We have investigated MHC class I and class II antigens in patients with chronic hepatitis B compared to a healthy control population. To confirm the findings of this first study we performed a second study in a group of subjects who had spontaneously recovered from acute hepatitis B infection. Methods: Frequencies of MHC class I and class II antigens were analyzed in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and in control subjects. MHC class I typing was done by standard microlymphocytotoxicity assays. DRB1 and DQA1 genotypes were d…

AdultHepatitis B virusRemission SpontaneousPopulationEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayMajor histocompatibility complexmedicine.disease_causePolymerase Chain ReactionHLA-DQ alpha-ChainsVirusHLA-DQ AntigensMHC class ImedicineHumansSerologic TestsProspective StudiesHepatitis B AntibodieseducationHLA-DRB1AllelesHepatitis B viruseducation.field_of_studyMHC class IIHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatologybiologyHLA-DR AntigensHepatitis BVirologyChronic infectionImmunoglobulin GChronic DiseaseDNA ViralImmunologybiology.proteinHLA-DRB1 ChainsJournal of Hepatology
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Interaction of alcohol intake and cofactors on the risk of cirrhosis.

2010

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the interaction between alcohol intake and cofactors [hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), body mass index] and coffee consumption on the risk of cirrhosis. DESIGN: Seven hundred and forty-nine consecutive patients with chronic liver disease referring to units for liver or alcohol diseases in Italy during a 6-months period. Teetotalers were excluded. The odds ratios (OR) for cirrhosis were evaluated using chronic hepatitis cases as the control group. RESULTS: An alcohol intake of more than 3 units/day resulted associated with the likelihood of cirrhosis both in males (OR 4.3; 95% CI=2.5-7.3) and in females (OR 5.7; 95% CI=2.3-14.5). A multiplicative int…

AdultLiver CirrhosisMaleHepatitis B virusAlcohol Drinkingalcohol cirrhosis coffeeHepacivirusCoffeeRisk Assessmentcirrhosis coffeeBody Mass IndexNORisk FactorsOdds RatioHumansCIRRHOSISAgedHepatitis B Surface AntigensalcoholHepatitis C AntibodiesMiddle AgedHepatitis BHepatitis CItalyCase-Control StudiesDisease ProgressionRNA ViralFemale
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The burden of HBV infection in HCV patients in Italy and the risk of reactivation under DAA therapy

2019

Background: There is increasing awareness of HBV reactivation in HCV-RNA-positive/HBV-coinfected patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) treated with oral direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Aim: To provide figures on the prevalence of HBV markers in HCV-RNA-positive subjects in Italy, where these findings are lacking. Methods: All subjects aged ≥18 years with CLD consecutively referring to Italian liver units located throughout country were prospectively enrolled in two national surveys in 2001 and 2014. Results: The total number of HCV-RNA-positive cases was 6984; 356 (5.1%) subjects vaccinated against HBV were excluded. A total of 6628 cases were evaluated. The prevalence rates of HBsAg, …

AdultLiver CirrhosisMaleHepatitis B virusmedicine.medical_specialtyHBsAgCirrhosisHBV reactivationHbv markersHbv reactivationPrevalenceHbv vaccinationHepacivirusChronic liver diseaseAntiviral Agents03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineInternal medicinePrevalencemedicineHumansHepatitis B AntibodiesReimbursementAgedHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatologyCoinfectionbusiness.industryGastroenterologyHCV therapyvirus diseasesHepatitis C ChronicMiddle AgedHepatitis Bmedicine.diseaseChronic HCV infection; HBV reactivation; HBV/HCV coinfection; HCV therapydigestive system diseasesHBV/HCV coinfectionItalyChronic HCV infection030220 oncology & carcinogenesisDNA ViralFemaleVirus Activation030211 gastroenterology & hepatologybusiness
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Characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in Italy.

1998

This study aimed to assess the main features of hepatocellular carcinoma at the time of diagnosis in Italy, particularly in relation to the presence or absence of underlying cirrhosis, hepatitis virus marker patterns, age of the subjects and alpha-foetoprotein values.A total of 1148 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma seen at 14 Italian hospitals in the 1-year period from May 1996 to May 1997 were the subjects of this prevalence study. Both newly diagnosed cases (incident cases) and cases diagnosed before May 1996 but still attending the hospitals during the study period (prevalent cases) were included.We found that 71.1% of cases were positive for hepatitis C virus antibodies but negati…

AdultLiver CirrhosisMalemedicine.medical_specialtyHBsAgCarcinoma HepatocellularHepatitis C virusmedicine.disease_causeGastroenterologyAge DistributionInternal medicineHepatitis VirusesmedicinePrevalenceHumansSex DistributionAgedHepatitisAged 80 and overHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatologybusiness.industryIncidence (epidemiology)Liver NeoplasmsLiver cancer; risk factors; ItalyHepatitis BHepatitis C AntibodiesMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseLogistic ModelsItalyHepatocellular carcinomaImmunologyRegression AnalysisFemalealpha-FetoproteinsLiver cancerbusinessViral hepatitisJournal of hepatology
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Reactivation of chronic type B hepatitis: the effect on expression of serum HBV-DNA and pre-S encoded proteins.

1988

Hepatitis B markers were studied in seven patients with reactivated liver disease. Reactivation of chronic type B hepatitis, as indicated by the reappearance of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in the serum, was characterised by the appearance of hepatitis B virus-DNA (HBV-DNA) in the serum. The expression of pre-S 1 encoded protein remained unchanged in five of seven patients, and poly-HSA as a marker for pre-S 2 encoded protein remained detectable in six of seven patients before and after reactivation of chronic hepatitis. The level of serum HBV-DNA correlated well with the level of liver enzymes, which rose from normal to various levels after reactivation of the liver disease. The data sugg…

AdultMaleAdolescentBiologyLiver diseaseAntigenVirologymedicineCytotoxic T cellHumansHepatitis B e AntigensProtein PrecursorsHepatitis ChronicHepatitisHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatobiliary diseaseHepatitis BMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseHepatitis BVirologyInfectious DiseasesHBeAgViral replicationDNA ViralFemaleJournal of medical virology
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Regulation of the neutralizing anti-hepatitis B surface (HBs) antibody response in vitro in HBs vaccine recipients and patients with acute or chronic…

1996

Abstract Antibodies directed to the HBs antigen indicate viral clearance and the development of life-long immunity in patients that recovered from HBV infection. In HBs antigen vaccine recipients anti-HBs antibodies provide protective immunity. However, little is known about the regulation of this HBs-specific antibody response. The existence of anti-HBs-secreting B cells was demonstrated using the highly sensitive ELISPOT technique compared with conventional ELISA in serum and cell culture supernatants. In the peripheral blood of patients with acute self-limited hepatitis B, HBs-specific B cells were demonstrated with a high frequency despite undetectable anti-HBs serum antibodies. HBV-imm…

AdultMaleAdolescentT-LymphocytesImmunologymedicine.disease_cause03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineImmune systemNeutralization TestsImmunityHumansImmunology and AllergyMedicineHepatitis B VaccinesHepatitis B AntibodiesRapid PublicationsB cellAgedHepatitis Chronic030304 developmental biologyHepatitis B virusB-LymphocytesImmunity Cellular0303 health sciencesHepatitis B Surface Antigensbiologybusiness.industryELISPOTvirus diseasesMiddle AgedHepatitis BHepatitis Bmedicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationVirologydigestive system diseases3. Good healthmedicine.anatomical_structureHepadnaviridaeAcute DiseaseImmunologybiology.proteinFemale030211 gastroenterology & hepatologyAntibodybusinessClinical and Experimental Immunology
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