Search results for "Hip"
showing 10 items of 9327 documents
Dietary acrylamide and incident osteoporotic fractures: an 8-year prospective cohort study
2022
Abstract Background Acrylamide, a component of fried foods, has been associated with several negative health outcomes. However, the relationship between dietary acrylamide and osteoporotic fractures has been explored by a few cross-sectional studies. Aims To investigate if dietary acrylamide is associated with the onset of fractures in North American participants at high risk/having knee osteoarthritis (OA), over 8 years of follow-up. Methods A Cox’s regression analysis, adjusted for baseline confounders was run and the data were reported as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Dietary acrylamide intake was assessed at the baseline using a food frequency questionnaire and…
Influence of gene action across different time scales on behavior.
2002
Genes can affect natural behavioral variation in different ways. Allelic variation causes alternative behavioral phenotypes, whereas changes in gene expression can influence the initiation of behavior at different ages. We show that the age-related transition by honey bees from hive work to foraging is associated with an increase in the expression of the foraging ( for ) gene, which encodes a guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP)–dependent protein kinase (PKG). cGMP treatment elevated PKG activity and caused foraging behavior. Previous research showed that allelic differences in PKG expression result in two Drosophila foraging variants. The same gene can thus exert different types of influe…
Outdoor mobility and social relationships of elderly people.
1997
Social relationships and activities are important elements in the quality of life of older people. With advancing age, they are made more difficult through the possible loss of physical functions, through societal processes of differentiation, and through unfavourable environmental and technological conditions. Therefore, mobility becomes a fundamental prerequisite for the participation in social relations and activities. This article presents some initial findings of a project which investigates the mobility needs of the elderly and the main factors hindering their desired mobility in three European countries. It became apparent that there is a clear connection between the social situation…
Hedgehog signaling and primary cilia are required for the formation of adult neural stem cells.
2008
Neural stem cells that continue to produce neurons are retained in the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus. The mechanisms by which embryonic neural progenitors expand and transform into postnatal neural stem cells, an essential process for the continual production of neurons throughout life, remain unknown. We found that radial astrocytes, the postnatal progenitors in the dentate gyrus, failed to develop after embryonic ablation of ciliary genes or Smoothened (Smo), an essential component for Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling. Postnatal dentate neurogenesis failed in these mutant mice, and the dentate gyrus became severely hypotrophic. In contrast, expression of a constitutively active Smo (SmoM2…
A simplified framework to optimize MRI contrast preparation
2018
PURPOSE This article proposes a rigorous optimal control framework for the design of preparation schemes that optimize MRI contrast based on relaxation time differences. METHODS Compared to previous optimal contrast preparation schemes, a drastic reduction of the optimization parameter number is performed. The preparation scheme is defined as a combination of several block pulses whose flip angles, phase terms and inter-pulse delays are optimized to control the magnetization evolution. RESULTS The proposed approach reduces the computation time of B 0 -robust preparation schemes to around a minute (whereas several hours were required with previous schemes), with negligible performance loss. …
Neuroprotective effects of behavioural training and nicotine on age-related deficits in spatial learning.
2006
Studies in humans and animals show a clear decline in spatial memory with age and several approaches have been adopted to alleviate this impairment. The purpose of our review is to assess the studies that have suggested the possible neuroprotective actions of behavioural training and nicotine-applied both independently and in conjunction-on age-related deficits in spatial learning. Both spatial pretraining and nonspatial experiences influence an animal's performance in spatial tasks. In aged rats, the experience of training in the water maze task increases the number of newly generated neurons in the hippocampus. The neuroprotective effects of nicotine have been demonstrated in both in-vitr…
Building Bridges for Innovation in Ageing: Synergies between Action Groups of the EIP on AHA.
2017
The Strategic Implementation Plan of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA) proposed six Action Groups. After almost three years of activity, many achievements have been obtained through commitments or collaborative work of the Action Groups. However, they have often worked in silos and, consequently, synergies between Action Groups have been proposed to strengthen the triple win of the EIP on AHA. The paper presents the methodology and current status of the Task Force on EIP on AHA synergies. Synergies are in line with the Action Groups' new Renovated Action Plan (2016-2018) to ensure that their future objectives are coherent and fully connected. The …
Developmental Changes and Daily Rhythm in Melatonin-Induced Inhibition of 3′,5′-Cyclic AMP Accumulation in the Rat Pituitary
1990
Melatonin's transduction mechanisms were investigated using in vitro cultured anterior hemipituitaries. Melatonin inhibited cAMP and 3',5'-cyclic GMP accumulation in neonatal rat anterior pituitary stimulated with LHRH. Maximal inhibitory effect was reached within 25 min and persisted for at least 20 min. Inhibition of cAMP accumulation is specific for melatonin because its analogs N-acetylserotonin and 5-methoxytryptamine are 1000 times less potent. Melatonin effect is age- and time-dependent. Marked inhibition was observed in 5-, 10-, and 14-day-old rats but not in 29-day-old ones. Melatonin was significantly more potent when applied at the end of the light period as compared with the fir…
Glutamate Activates Phospholipase D in Hippocampal Slices of Newborn and Adult Rats
1993
Phospholipase D (PLD) is activated by many neurotransmitters in a novel signal transduction pathway. In the present work, PLD activity was studied comparatively in hippocampal slices of newborn and adult rats. Basal PLD activity in adult rats was almost three times higher than in newborn rats. In newborn rats, L-glutamate and 1S,3R-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (1S,3R-ACPD) time- and concentration-dependently enhanced the formation of [3H]phosphatidylpropanol ([3H]PP) and of [3H]phosphatidic acid in the presence of 2% propanol. N-Methyl-D-aspartate and kainate (both 1 mM) caused small, but significant increases (approximately 50%), whereas alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole…