Search results for "Hop"

Diet-Induced Rabbit Models for the Study of Metabolic Syndrome

2019

Simple Summary In recent years, obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have become more prevalent owing to increased unhealthy habits and sedentary lifestyles, becoming public health problems. Experimental studies have allowed us to explore the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiological processes related to MetS. Several research protocols can be carried out with minimal staff, maintenance, and resources in animals such as rabbits. High-fat diets enriched with other components, mainly cholesterol and sugars, result in the rapid development of hypercholesterolemia and vascular alterations as a response to dietary manipulation. Furthermore, other experimental models, including transgenic rab…

Update on the Effects of Antioxidants on Diabetic Retinopathy: In Vitro Experiments, Animal Studies and Clinical Trials

2020

Current therapies for diabetic retinopathy (DR) incorporate blood glucose and blood pressure control, vitrectomy, photocoagulation, and intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors or corticosteroids. Nonetheless, these techniques have not been demonstrated to completely stop the evolution of this disorder. The pathophysiology of DR is not fully known, but there is more and more evidence indicating that oxidative stress is an important mechanism in the progression of DR. In this sense, antioxidants have been suggested as a possible therapy to reduce the complications of DR. In this review we aim to assemble updated information in relation to in vitro experiments, anim…

The B-cell receptor in control of tumor B-cell fitness: Biology and clinical relevance

2019

Surface expression of a functional B cell antigen receptor (BCR) is essential for the survival and proliferation of mature B cells. Most types of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders retain surface BCR expression, including B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Targeting BCR effectors in B-NHL cell lines in vitro has indicated that this signaling axis is crucial for malignant B cell growth. This has led to the development of inhibitors of BCR signaling, which are currently used for the treatment of CLL and several B-NHL subtypes. Recent studies based on conditional BCR inactivation in a MYC-driven mouse B-cell lymphoma model have revisited the role of …

Biplanar ultrasound investigation of in vivo Achilles tendon displacement non-uniformity

2019

The Achilles tendon is a common tendon for the medial and lateral gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Non‐uniform Achilles tendon regional displacements have been observed in vivo which may result from non‐uniform muscle loading and intratendinous shearing. However, prior observations are limited to the sagittal plane. This study investigated Achilles tendon tissue displacement patterns during isometric plantarflexor contractions in the coronal and sagittal planes. Fourteen subjects (5 female, 9 male, 26 ± 3 year) performed maximal isometric plantarflexor contractions with the knee in full extension and flexed to 110°. An ultrasound transducer positioned over the free Achilles tendon collecte…

Cirugía de la mano reumática: nuevas expectativas para una vieja conocida

2017

ResumenEs importante que todos los especialistas que tratan a pacientes afectados de artritis reumatoide (AR), conozcan las distintas opciones terapéuticas disponibles, tanto médicas como quirúrgicas, y su manejo en las distintas fases del tratamiento. Nuestro objetivo es actualizar lo que como cirujanos debemos saber sobre el tratamiento médico de la enfermedad, cómo manejar los fármacos durante la programación de la cirugía y cuál es la evidencia sobre las distintas opciones quirúrgicas que podemos barajar ante diversas situaciones originadas por un aparente mismo patrón: la sinovitis.

High intensity aquatic exercise or daily physical activity for maintaining fat mass and walking ability for postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthr…

2016

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LEISURE TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL AND ARTICULAR CARTILAGE IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH MILD KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS: A 12-MONTH FO…

2016

IMPACT OF CARTILAGE DAMAGE ON ARTHROGENIC MUSCLE INHIBITION IN PATIENTS WITH MENISCUS INJURIES

2016

Background: Knee traumata are associated with arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI). We aimed to identify impact factors on AMI. Methods: A total of 37 patients with meniscus injuries were interviewed and examined for maximum isometric knee extensor force preoperatively. We analyzed AMI as relative maximum isometric force between healthy and injured legs. Regression analyses were computed to evaluate associations between an AMI with muscle-strength reduction [Formula: see text]% and several parameters and between cartilage damage[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]stadium 3 and several parameters. ROC curves were calculated to investigate effectiveness of age and pain at…

Ultrasound Biomarkers for Sarcopenia: What Can We Tell So Far?

2020

AbstractSarcopenia is a disease characterized by decreased skeletal muscle mass, strength, and loss of function that can impair quality of life and increase physical disability, adverse metabolic effects, and mortality. This review familiarizes the reader with ultrasound (US)-based biomarkers for sarcopenia with a discussion of these topics: why assessing sarcopenia is relevant for radiologists, how to evaluate muscle structure with US, the current challenges or pitfalls of these biomarkers, and the implications of all the available evidence. It summarizes the most up-to-date literature on the pathophysiology behind the use of these US-based biomarkers, the biomarkers themselves, and a prot…

Effects of High-Impact Training on Bone and Articular Cartilage: 12-Month Randomized Controlled Quantitative MRI Study

2013

Osteoarthritis and osteoporosis often coexist in postmenopausal women. The simultaneous effect of bone-favorable high-impact training on these diseases is not well understood and is a topic of controversy. We evaluated the effects of high-impact exercise on bone mineral content (BMC) and the estimated biochemical composition of knee cartilage in postmenopausal women with mild knee osteoarthritis. Eighty women aged 50 to 66 years with mild knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to undergo supervised progressive exercise three times a week for 12 months (n = 40) or to a nonintervention control group (n = 40). BMC of the femoral neck, trochanter, and lumbar spine was measured by dual-energ…