Search results for "Hordeum"
showing 10 items of 74 documents
Arabidopsis mutant dnd2 exhibits increased auxin and abscisic acid content and reduced stomatal conductance
2019
Arabidopsis thaliana cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel gene 4 (AtCNGC4) loss-of-function mutant dnd2 exhibits elevated accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), dwarfed morphology, reduced hypersensitive response (HR), altered disease resistance and spontaneous lesions on plant leaves. An orthologous barley mutant, nec1, has been reported to over-accumulate indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and to exhibit changes in stomatal regulation in response to exogenous auxin. Here we show that the Arabidopsis dnd2 over-accumulates both IAA and abscisic acid (ABA) and displays related phenotypic and physiological changes, such as, reduced stomatal size, higher stomatal density and stomatal index. dnd2 showed i…
Phosphinotripeptidic Inhibitors of Leucylaminopeptidases
2021
Phosphinate pseudopeptide are analogs of peptides containing phosphinate moiety in a place of the amide bond. Due to this, the organophosphorus fragment resembles the tetrahedral transition state of the amide bond hydrolysis. Additionally, it is also capable of coordinating metal ions, for example, zinc or magnesium ions. These two properties of phosphinate pseudopeptides make them an ideal candidate for metal-related protease inhibitors. This research investigates the influence of additional residue in the P2 position on the inhibitory properties of phosphinopeptides. The synthetic strategy is proposed, based on retrosynthetic analysis. The N-C-P bond formation in the desired compounds is …
HorTILLUS—A Rich and Renewable Source of Induced Mutations for Forward/Reverse Genetics and Pre-breeding Programs in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
2018
TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) is a strategy used for functional analysis of genes that combines the classical mutagenesis and a rapid, high-throughput identification of mutations within a gene of interest. TILLING has been initially developed as a discovery platform for functional genomics, but soon it has become a valuable tool in development of desired alleles for crop breeding, alternative to transgenic approach. Here we present the HorTILLUS ( Hordeum-TILLING-University of Silesia) population created for spring barley cultivar "Sebastian" after double-treatment of seeds with two chemical mutagens: sodium azide (NaN3) and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). The populatio…
Does silica concentration and phytolith ultrastructure relate to phytolith hardness?
2017
Abstract Grasses are an important part of the forage of many herbivorous mammals and their phytoliths have long been regarded as the most important agent of tooth wear. Recent work has challenged this “paradigm” in finding evidence 1. of native phytoliths to be much softer then tooth enamel and 2. indicating, that phytolith hardness is highly variable, 3. prone to methodology and 4. not easy to be related to habitat conditions. We conduct controlled silica-cultivations measuring SiO2 content in the common forage grass Themeda triandra. Phytoliths are extracted natively, and nano-indentation values are measured. Phytolith hardness in Themeda triandra is found to be independent of silicate av…
Behaviour of alkyl oleates following foliar application in relation to their influence on the penetration of phenmedipham and quizalofop-P-ethyl
1997
Summary The foliar penetration of four alkyl oleates (methyl to butyl) and their influence on the penetration of phenmedipham and quizalofop-P-ethyl was studied in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), cleavers (Galium aparine L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.). Loss of alkyl oleates from glass and plant surfaces was inversely related to the length of the alkyl chains and was assumed to be due to volatilization. All four alkyl oleates after application alone, readily penetrated into pea and barley leaves but much less into G. aparine. Penetration of methyl oleate appeared to be faster than that of butyl oleate. Both alkyl oleates were completely metabolized in barley and pea in 27 h, but not in G. apari…
Biochemical Quality of Crop Residues and Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization Kinetics under Nonlimiting Nitrogen Conditions
2000
International audience; Statistical relationships were established between the fate of C and N from 47 types of crop residues and their biochemical characteristics during a soil incubation at 15°C. The incubations were carried out under nonlimiting N in order to differentiate the effects of biochemical characteristics of residues from those of soil N availability. Depending on the residue, the apparent mineralization of residue C after 168 d varied from 330 to 670 g kg−1 of added C. Mineralization kinetics were described using a two-compartment decomposition model that decomposes according to first-order kinetics. Amounts of C mineralized after 7 d and the decomposition rate coefficient of …
Aspartic proteinase from barley grains is related to mammalian lysosomal cathepsin D
1991
Resting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grains contain acid-proteinase activity. The corresponding enzyme was purified from grain extracts by affinity chromatography on a pepstatin-Sepharose column. The pH optimum of the affinity-purified enzyme was between 3.5 and 3.9 as measured by hemoglobin hydrolysis and the enzymatic activity was completely inhibited by pepstatin a specific inhibitor of aspartic proteinases (EC 3.4.23). Further purification on a Mono S column followed by activity measurements and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the affinity-purified enzyme preparation contained two active heterodimeric aspartic proteinases: a larger 48k Da enzyme, c…
Biological evidence for a 1:1 Ca2+:glyphosate association in deposit residuals on the leaf surface of barley
2001
It has long been known that calcium ion antagonizes glyphosate, but it was not clear whether the stoichiometry of their interaction is 1:1 or 1:2. Two independent methods were used to determine which stoichiometry was the most probable. First, dose-response curves of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants treated with glyphosate were determined in the presence of 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mM CaCl 2 . The doses of 'free' glyphosate (=not inactivated by calcium ion) were computed using the assumptions of 1:1 and 1:2 stoechiometries. The response curves were redrawn as a function of 'free' glyphosate. Analysis showed that the 1:2 hypothesis could be rejected, whereas the 1:1 hypothesis was highly pro…
Amylase–Trypsin Inhibitors in Wheat and Other Cereals as Potential Activators of the Effects of Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity
2018
Nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a gluten-related gastrointestinal disorder distinct from celiac disease (CD) and gluten allergy that is not easy to diagnose due to the lack of biomarkers. It is characterized by intestinal symptoms and extraintestinal manifestations with the consumption of gluten-containing foods. In contrast to CD, NCGS patients do not present a genetic predisposition or intestinal villi atrophy. Recent studies question the proinflammatory triggering activity of α-gliadin fraction contained in wheat, since it has been demonstrated that the amylase-trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) exert a strong activating effect on the innate immune response. We aimed to analyze the role of…
Synthesis and influence of fatty acid esters on the foliar penetration of herbicides
1998
Abstract Synthesis of mono-esters of tetraethylene glycol and di-esters of tetraethylene glycol was accomplished from fatty acids and tetraethylene glycol in the absence of solvent and catalyst. Esterification was studied in a batch reactor by using a response surface methodology to evaluate the influence of synthesis variables such as molar substrate ratio of fatty acid relative to tetraethylene glycol (1.39–7.52), temperature (145–167°C), reaction time (0.5–8 h) on the yield of mono- and di-esters of tetraethylene glycol. A multipurpose reactor was developed for the transformation of fatty acids into pure α-monoglycerides. The 1-monoglycerides of heptanoic, undecelenic, oleic, linoleic an…