Search results for "Human Capital"
showing 10 items of 217 documents
Unemployment and Migration: Does Moving Help?
2002
Abstract The migration behaviour of the unemployed in Finland is analysed in terms of the causal effectof moving on individual employment status. In 1994, 17 percent of the labour force wasunemployed and the unemployment rate exhibited a very slow decline in 1994–1996. Overhalf of those who were unemployed at the end of 1994 were still unemployed two years later.The propensity to find a job is somewhat greater among migrants. However, the positive effectof moving diminishes once other personal characteristics are accounted for. Moreover, whencontrolling for endogenous migrant selectivity, an insignificant or even negative effect onemployment status emerges. This indicates that the relatively …
Postgraduate education and job mismatch in Italy: Does migration help?
2023
Doctoral graduates represent the pinnacle of education. While the importance of increasing their number has been recognised by the Italian government and there has been a huge increase in the number of publicly funded PhD scholarships, doctoral graduates still struggle in the labour market to find employment commensurate with their skills and competencies. It is against this backdrop that the role of migration becomes crucial. Exploiting Italian microdata at the census level, this study aims to investigate how human capital migration, occurring at different ‘times’ of individual's life and across different regions, could mitigate the potential education–job mismatch, which is measured here …
Competencias para la innovación en las universidades de América Latina: un análisis empírico
2010
Los egresados universitarios constituyen, en cualquier país, el grupo social que acumula un mayor volumen de capital humano debido a que su trayectoria educativa ha sido más prolongada y ha requerido una fuerte inversión. La premisa de esta investigación es que el potencial de innovación que aportan estos egresados es un determinante fundamental tanto para el éxito en su trayectoria profesional como para la eficiencia total de los sistemas de producción en los distintos países. Para su realización, se dispuso de una amplia base de datos provenientes de la macro encuesta PROFLEX realizada a unos 10 000 egresados universitarios latinoamericanos a la que se ha aplicado una estimación de funcio…
A capital framework for professional learning and practice
2020
Abstract Efforts to improve teaching and learning in general are leading to wide variability in outcomes in different countries and areas, with similar investments and reforms focusing on the instrumental side of professional learning. A rapidly growing research literature has suggested the important role of social connectivity in the success of individual and organizational change and development. This paper draws on theories of human capital, social capital, social network, emotional capital, and research literature in this space to illuminate some of the complex components as related to professional learning.
Foreign Direct Investment, Terms of Trade, and Quality Upgrading: What Is So Special about South Asia?
2016
The existing literature has highlighted the positive effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on export upgrading and associated terms of trade in developing economies. However, the FDI effect has been found to be negative in South Asia. In this paper, we elaborate on the South Asia-specific effect by emphasizing the role of human capital in the positive link between FDI and terms of trade. We argue that education levels in South Asia have lagged behind those in East Asia and other developing regions. This has resulted in a world market integration strategy in South Asia that specializes in less skills-intensive products and generates associated FDI flows. We demonstrate these patterns fo…
R&D, Competition and Growth with Human Capital Accumulation Revisited
2012
In this paper, we have presented a generalization of Bucci's (2003) model in which have disentangled the monopolistic mark-up in the intermediate goods sector, the intermediate goods share in the final output and the returns to specialization in order to have a better measurement of competition. Indeed, unlike Bucci (2003), in our model, the measure of competition is completely independent of the intermediate goods share in the final output and the returns to specialization. Our main finding is that, unlike Bucci (2003), we show that the competition does not play any role in growth. This result is explained by the complementarity of innovation and human capital assumed in the research produ…
Lieu de résidence et discrimination salariale
2010
Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die Lohnabweichungen zwischen Jugendlichen, die in sensiblen städtischen Zonen wohnen, am Ende ihrer Ausbildung und denjenigen, die zwar nicht in einer solchen Zone leben, die aber in städtischen Einheiten mit solchen Zonen wohnen, unter Berücksichtigung möglicher Barrieren beim Zugang zu bestimmten Beschäftigungen und insbesondere zu den Arbeitsplätzen von Führungskräften zu untersuchen. In Anknüpfung an Brown, Moon und Zoloth (1980) schlagen wir eine Zerlegung der Lohnabweichungen vor, bei der die Möglichkeit einer Differenzierung beim Zugang zu bestimmten Beschäftigungen entsprechend der Art des Stadtviertels, in dem die Jugendlichen wohnen, berücksichtigt wi…
The Age Structure of Human Capital and Economic Growth
2018
This paper shows that the age structure of human capital is a relevant characteristic to take into account when analysing the role of human capital in economic growth. The effect of an increase in the education of the population aged 40–49 years is found to be an order of magnitude larger than an increase in the education attained by any other age cohort. The results are unlikely to be driven by the age structure of the population, as we find that the effects on growth of the age structure of education and the age structure of population are distinct. The findings are robust across specifications and remain unchanged when we control for long‐delayed effects in human capital or for the exper…
Rural Municipalities and Change in Local School Structure: Comparing Room of manoeuvre among Rural Municipalities in Latvia and Norway
2018
Rural depopulation, decreasing numbers of children and general centralization combined with high expectations to education, are factors that challenge rural communities and school structures in Latvia and Norway. The ambition of this article is to explore and compare the role of the municipality and other levels of governance in making decisions on school structure in rural municipalities. The research method is a multiple case study approach, supported by survey data. Through the lenses of multi-level governance theory, we have investigated how national frames like regulations and educational expectations are affecting local decision-making. Local politicians navigate between national fram…
Global organizations and supply chain: new research avenues in the international human resource management
2014
Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to aim at proposing a research agenda in the intersection of strategic supply chain management and logistics (SCML) of global organizations from the perspective of international human resource management (IHRM).Design/methodology/approach– To disclose the intellectual structure of research to date across both fields, the content of up to 280 articles dealing with IHRM and 174 papers addressing challenges in SCML in global organizations from a human resource management (HRM) viewpoint were analyzed. A stepwise hierarchical cluster and discriminant analysis were conducted to map a joint research agenda. Approaches from Upper Echelons theory and Co-Evoluti…