Search results for "Human Capital"
showing 10 items of 217 documents
Les étudiants anticipent-ils correctement la valeur de leur diplôme sur le marché du travail ?
2013
Documents de travail de l'IREDU, n°2013-1; Ce travail analyse la manière dont les étudiants de première année d'université anticipent leurs salaires futurs, puis compare ces salaires à ceux qu'ils peuvent réellement observer sur le marché du travail. Nos résultats montrent globalement une surestimation des salaires anticipés d'environ 9 pour cent en début de carrière, ce qui est cohérent avec des travaux réalisés dans d'autres pays. En revanche, les salaires anticipés après dix ans de carrières sont supérieurs de 28 pour cent aux salaires observés des diplômés à ancienneté comparable. Les résultats soulignent également l'importance de l'environnement familial lors du choix des études supéri…
La contribution de l'éducation à la croissance économique du Sénégal
2013
The aim of this work is to show that education contributes to economic growth, that is to say that there is a relationship between the variables of education and economic growth in Senegal. There are several studies that have examined the relationship between education and economic growth microeconomic point of view, as well as macroeconomic, both theoretically and empirically. Empirical studies that have been done around the world, do not agree on the fact that education has a positive effect on economic growth. This ambiguity has led us to participate in the debate by testing the impact and effectiveness of education on productivity Senegalese companies. This last play an important part i…
Institutional Influences of Professional Associations and Franchise Organizations on Competitiveness of the Healthcare Clinics
2019
This paper uses insights from the institutional theory to study the competitiveness of the healthcare clinics in Spain. The environment of the healthcare services is highly institutionalized: professional associations are state agents responsible for the extensive regulation. Recently emerged franchise chains become subject for imitation by creating institutionalized routines from within and increasing competitive pressures for other industry players. While the sector is dominated by the independent doctors, franchise organizations are becoming more popular and show steady growth rates. The franchise business model in healthcare is evolving: while the core activity—provision of a healthcare…
The Development of ICTs and the Introduction of Entrepreneurial Capital
2015
Building on an extensive literature review, this article presents a conceptual study of the relationships between information and communication technologies (ICTs) and intellectual capital (IC), placing special emphasis on entrepreneurial capital. IC comprises human capital, structural capital, and relational capital. Relational capital consists of two sub-components: social capital and organizational capital. Human capital’s main elements are knowledge, experience, and education. Knowledge is a fundamental resource for any organization (Baden-Fuller & Pitt, 1996; Grant, 1996; Spender, 1996). Entrepreneurial capital was recently introduced as a component of human capital (Audretsch & Keilba…
Two facets of returnees’ entrepreneurship in romania: Juxtaposing business owners and self-employed return migrants within a multi-method research fr…
2021
This paper contributes to the growing literature on the diversity of return migration by analysing the different types of small-scale entrepreneurship among returnees. Data from an original survey conducted among Romanian returnees and in-depth interviews with returnees in entrepreneurship are combined to reveal distinct profiles of returnee entrepreneurs and to illustrate their specific ways of thinking about entrepreneurship and migration. Currently, Romania is one of the most fertile settings to research intra-European return migration due to its important flows of temporary international migrants. The paper highlights that there are major differences between business owners and self-emp…
When intentions turn into action: pathways to successful firm performance
2021
Entrepreneurship brings wealth to nations and contributes to their economic growth. People can take many paths to become entrepreneurs. Some join the family business, whilst others are born entrepreneurs, letting their innate intuition lead them into firm creation. For many, though, being able to learn and acquire the right skills is critical for a successful career as an entrepreneur. Like other human capital factors, entrepreneurial skills can be acquired. In today’s fast-changing society, it is of utmost importance for entrepreneurs not only to gain these skills but also to be surrounded by a supportive environment that will (1) guide them in the creation of their business idea and (2) h…
School violence: Evidence from the economics literature and related disciplines
2009
Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Bildungswissenschaften 31 (2009) 1, S. 135-150
A cross-country study of skills and unemployment flows
2021
AbstractUsing an international survey that directly assesses the cognitive skills of the adult population, I study the relation between skills and unemployment flows across 37 countries. Depending on the specifically assessed domain, I document that skills have an unconditional correlation with the log-risk-ratio of exiting to entering unemployment of 0.65–0.68 across the advanced and skill-abundant countries in the sample. The relation is remarkably robust and it is unlikely to be due to reverse causality. I do not find evidence that this positive relation extends to the seven relatively less advanced and less skill-abundant countries in the sample: Peru, Ecuador, Indonesia, Mexico, Chile,…
Human Capital Inequality and Economic Growth: Some New Evidence
2002
This paper provides new measures of human capital inequality for a broad panel of countries. Taking attainment levels from Barro and Lee (2001), we compute Gini coefficients and the distribution of education by quintiles for 108 countries over five-year intervals from 1960 to 2000. Using this new cross-country data on human capital inequality two main conclusions are obtained. First, most countries in the world have tended to reduce the inequality in human capital distribution. Second, human capital inequality measures provide more robust results than income inequality measures in the estimation of standard growth and investment equations.
Can Migration Decisions Be Affected by Income Policy Interventions? Evidence from Finland
2007
Haapanen M. and Ritsila J. (2007) Can migration decisions be affected by income policy interventions? Evidence from Finland, Regional Studies 41, 339–348. Using Finnish micro-level data, this paper maps out whether migration decisions can be affected by income policy interventions. The analysis focuses on individuals living in peripheral regions and distinguishes peripheral migration from growth-centre migration. In support of the human capital hypothesis, the estimation results imply that migration decisions can be affected by income policy interventions. For example, an intervention that would increase an individual's expected disposable income by 10%, given that he/she does not move to a…