Search results for "IMMUNOLOGY"
showing 10 items of 9651 documents
Activation of NF-kappaB and IL-8 by yersinia enterocolitica invasin protein is conferred by engagement of rac1 and MAP kinase cascades.
2003
International audience; Yersinia enterocolitica triggers activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and production of the proinflammatory chemokine interleukin (IL)-8 in intestinal epithelial cells. This activation is due to adhesion of the bacteria via their outer membrane protein invasin to the host cells. Using Clostridium difficile toxins that specifically inactivate small GTPases, and transfection of inhibitory proteins of the Rho-GTPases, we demonstrate that Rac1, but not Cdc42 or Rho, is required for activation of NF-kappaB by invasin. Invasin activated the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) p38 and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) but not extracellular signal regulated …
Enterobacter cloacae administration induces hepatic damage and subcutaneous fat accumulation in high-fat diet fed mice.
2018
Accumulating evidence indicates that gut microbiota plays a significant role in obesity, insulin resistance and associated liver disorders. Family Enterobacteriaceae and especially Enterobacter cloacae strain B29 have been previously linked to obesity and hepatic damage. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain unclear. Therefore, we comprehensively examined the effects of E. cloacae subsp. cloacae (ATCC® 13047™) administration on host metabolism of mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD). C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into HFD control, chow control, and E. cloacae treatment groups. The E. cloacae treatment group received live bacterial cells in PBS intragastrically twice a week, every ot…
Oxidative and nitrosative stress in the metastatic microenvironment.
2010
Metastases that are resistant to conventional therapies are the main cause of most cancer-related deaths in humans. Tumor cell heterogeneity, which associates with genomic and phenotypic instability, represents a major problem for cancer therapy. Additional factors, such as the attack of immune cells or organ-specific microenvironments, also influence metastatic cell behavior and the response to therapy. Interaction of cancer and endothelial cells in capillary beds, involving mechanical contact and transient adhesion, is a critical step in the initiation of metastasis. This interaction initiates a cascade of activation pathways that involves cytokines, growth factors, bioactive lipids and r…
Antitumor Effect of Cabozantinib in Bone Metastatic Models of Renal Cell Carcinoma
2021
Background: The presence of bone metastases in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) negatively affects patients’ survival. Data from clinical trials has highlighted a significant benefit of cabozantinib in bone metastatic RCC patients. Here, we evaluated the antitumor effect of cabozantinib in coculture models of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and osteoblasts (OBs) to investigate whether and how its antiproliferative activity is influenced by OBs. Methods: Bone/RCC models were generated, coculturing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Caki-1 and 786-O cells with human primary OBs in a “cell–cell contact” system. RCC proliferation and the OB molecular profile were evaluated after the cabozantinib treat…
RSV disease in infants and young children: Can we see a brighter future?
2022
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a highly contagious seasonal virus and the leading cause of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTI), including pneumonia and bronchiolitis in children. RSV-related LRTI cause approximately 3 million hospitalizations and 120,000 deaths annually among children <5 years of age. The majority of the burden of RSV occurs in previously healthy infants. Only a monoclonal antibody (mAb) has been approved against RSV infections in a restricted group, leaving an urgent unmet need for a large number of children potentially benefiting from preventive measures. Approaches under development include maternal vaccines to protect newborns, extended half-life monoclon…
Inflammatory cytokines shape a changing DNA methylome in monocytes mirroring disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis
2019
Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that mainly targets joints. Monocytes and macrophages are critical in RA pathogenesis and contribute to inflammatory lesions. These extremely plastic cells respond to extracellular signals which cause epigenomic changes that define their pathogenic phenotype. Here, we interrogated how DNA methylation alterations in RA monocytes are determined by extracellular signals. Methods: High-throughput DNA methylation analyses of patients with RA and controls and in vitro cytokine stimulation were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms behind DNA methylation alterations in RA as well as their relationship with clinic…
Etanercept maintains the clinical benefit achieved by infliximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who discontinued infliximab because of side ef…
2007
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of switching to etanercept treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who already responded to infliximab, but presented side effects. Methods: Charts of 553 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were retrospectively reviewed to select patients who responded to the treatment with infliximab and switched to etanercept because of occurrence of adverse effects. Clinical data were gathered during 24 weeks of etanercept treatment and for the same period of infliximab treatment before infliximab was stopped. Disease Activity Score computed on 44 joints (DAS-44), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 1st hour, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of pain, Health Assessm…
FRI0030 Anti-TNF-α Antibody Targeted To Inflamed Synovial Tissue for The Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
2016
Background TNF-α neutralizing molecules represent one of the most efficient therapeutic approaches to control inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The widespread distribution in the body induces the inhibition of TNF-α in all the tissues, requesting the use of high dose of this expensive drug. Another problem that has not yet been solved in the management of RA patients is how to reduce and possibly avoid the side effects, particularly the increased risk of common and opportunistic infections, which may be associated with long-term administration of these therapeutic drugs. Objectives The aim of the present investigation was to show that a recombinant protein obtained by fusing a syno…
A meta-analysis of the effect size of rheumatoid arthritis on left ventricular mass: comment on the article by Rudominer et al
2009
We appreciate the work of Rudominer et al, who recently published a report describing the association of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with increased left ventricular mass.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of treatment with fluticasone propionate and levocabastine in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis
1999
Fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray (FPANS) is a topically active glucocorticoid which has been successfully used for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). Topical levocabastine is a highly selective H1 antagonist which has been proposed as an alternative treatment of SAR. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of two topical nasal treatments, FPANS and levocabastine, in the treatment of SAR. Additionally, the effect of treatments on nasal inflammation was examined during natural pollen exposure. A group of 288 adolescent and adult patients with at least a 2-year history of SAR to seasonal pollens participated in a multicenter, doubleblind, double…