Search results for "INEQUALITY"
showing 10 items of 1076 documents
A Global Perspective on Effectiveness of Aid for Trade
2012
Recent global initiatives on debt relief and development assistance call for increasing aid for trade to the poorest countries. The paper applies a multi-country computable general equilibrium model to measure the effectiveness of alternative aid for trade categories. The findings show that aid for trade policies expand trade and alleviate international income inequalities in the recipient countries, that will benefit mainly from aid for trade adjustment and technical assistance.
Nonlinearities in the Becker-Tomes-Solon model
2011
The aim of this paper is to explore nonlinearities in the relationship between parents and children earnings. We rst discuss a simple extension of the Becker-Tomes-Solon model accounting for nonlinearity. We then test the linearity of intergenerational transmission employing a set of 141 intergenerational mobility tables in 35 di erent countries at di erent time periods, and nd that linearity is rejected in 89 tables. We nally explore the correlation between the \strength of concavity" and income inequality. Our ndings suggest that more unequal societies tend to have a more concave intergenerational transmission process.
SEDENTARINESS AND EDUCATION CONTRIBUTE SIGNIFICANTLY TO SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITIES IN NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
2018
In Europe, the main non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and mental disorders, all together account for an estimated 86% of the deaths and 77% of the disease burden. Of the six WHO regions, Europe is the most affected by NCDs [1]. The detection and control of physiological and behavioral risk factors (BRFs) remain the essential preventive strategy to counteract not only the average population’s exposure to the main NCDs, but also socioeconomic inequalities, which are related to chronic diseases. The scope of this work is to investigate socioeconomic inequalities among the European elderly in NCDs and BRFs for NCD…
Characteristics and treatment regimens across ERS SHARP severe asthma registries
2020
Little is known about the characteristics and treatments of patients with severe asthma across Europe, but both are likely to vary. This is the first study in the European Respiratory Society Severe Heterogeneous Asthma Research collaboration, Patient-centred (SHARP) Clinical Research Collaboration and it is designed to explore these variations. Therefore, we aimed to compare characteristics of patients in European severe asthma registries and treatments before starting biologicals.This was a cross-sectional retrospective analysis of aggregated data from 11 national severe asthma registries that joined SHARP with established patient databases.Analysis of data from 3236 patients showed many …
Las políticas de igualdad en el ‘welfare mix’: opiniones y percepciones sobre el papel de las ONGs
2008
This paper has been structured in three areas. In the first one, the author shows the relevance that words and conversations among individuals have on social research, both terms being very important to the well-known sociologist and writer Franco Ferrarotti. In the second part, the author explains the necessary qualitative methodology to be used when analysing a main topic. In the third one, the author analyses the reality of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) from the gender perspective to detect if they are or not a reflection of that Spanish reality regarding sex discrimination. Finally, this paper states the challenge the Spanish society needs to face to outweigh sex inequality with…
On the Methods for Optimal Shape Design
1990
A short survey of the numerical methods for solving optimal shape design problems is given.
Hexyl aminolevulinate, 5‐aminolevulinic acid nanoemulsion and methyl aminolevulinate in photodynamic therapy of non‐aggressive basal cell carcinomas:…
2020
Background In the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of non‐aggressive basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), 5‐aminolevulinic acid nanoemulsion (BF‐200ALA) has shown non‐inferior efficacy when compared with methyl aminolevulinate (MAL), a widely used photosensitizer. Hexyl aminolevulinate (HAL) is an interesting alternative photosensitizer. To our knowledge, this is the first study using HAL‐PDT in the treatment of BCCs. Objectives To compare the histological clearance, tolerability (pain and post‐treatment reaction), and cosmetic outcome of MAL, BF‐200 ALA, and low‐concentration HAL in the PDT of non‐aggressive BCCs. Methods Ninety‐eight histologically verified non‐aggressive BCCs met the inclusion criter…
Gradient Estimate for Solutions to Poisson Equations in Metric Measure Spaces
2011
Let $(X,d)$ be a complete, pathwise connected metric measure space with locally Ahlfors $Q$-regular measure $\mu$, where $Q>1$. Suppose that $(X,d,\mu)$ supports a (local) $(1,2)$-Poincar\'e inequality and a suitable curvature lower bound. For the Poisson equation $\Delta u=f$ on $(X,d,\mu)$, Moser-Trudinger and Sobolev inequalities are established for the gradient of $u$. The local H\"older continuity with optimal exponent of solutions is obtained.
ENTROPY SOLUTIONS IN THE STUDY OF ANTIPLANE SHEAR DEFORMATIONS FOR ELASTIC SOLIDS
2000
The concept of entropy solution was recently introduced in the study of Dirichlet problems for elliptic equations and extended for parabolic equations with nonlinear boundary conditions. The aim of this paper is to use the method of entropy solutions in the study of a new problem which arise in the theory of elasticity. More precisely, we consider here the infinitesimal antiplane shear deformation of a cylindrical elastic body subjected to given forces and in a frictional contact with a rigid foundation. The elastic constitutive law is physically nonlinear and the friction is described by a static law. We present a variational formulation of the model and prove the existence and the uniquen…
Estimates of maximal functions measuring local smoothness
1999
Letη be a nondecreasing function on (0, 1] such thatη(t)/t decreases andη(+0)=0. Letf ∈L(I n ) (I≡[0,1]. Set $${\mathcal{N}}_\eta f(x) = \sup \frac{1}{{\left| Q \right|\eta (\left| Q \right|^{1/n} )}} \smallint _Q \left| {f(t) - f(x)} \right|dt,$$ , where the supremum is taken over all cubes containing the pointx. Forη=t α (0<α≤1) this definition was given by A.Calderon. In the paper we prove estimates of the maximal functions $${\mathcal{N}}_\eta f$$ , along with some embedding theorems. In particular, we prove the following Sobolev type inequality: if $$1 \leqslant p< q< \infty , \theta \equiv n(1/p - 1/q)< 1, and \eta (t) \leqslant t^\theta \sigma (t),$$ , then $$\parallel {\mathcal{N}}_…