Search results for "INFECTIONS"

Prevalence and genotypes of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in Ixodes ricinus ticks in southern Norway.

2010

From April to October 2007, host-seeking Ixodes ricinus ticks were collected from 4 locations in southern Norway: Farsund, Mandal, Sogne and Tromoy. Two hundred and ten larvae, 1130 nymphs and 449 adults were investigated for infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16S rRNA gene. The total percentage of B. burgdorferi s.l. in nymphal and adult ticks was determined to be 31.3% in Farsund, 25.2% in Mandal, 22.3% in Sogne and 22.1% in Tromoy. Larvae were pooled in groups of 10 before analysis, and Borrelia infection was detected in 1 of the 21 larvae pools. B. burgdorferi s.l. were genotyped by melting curve analys…

Development of a modified DNA extraction method for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci without using …

2010

A modified pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) protocol was developed and applied to clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci to reduce the cost of using lysostaphin. This protocol reduces the expenses of PFGE typing of S. aureus and enterococci as it removes the use of lysostaphin during the spheroplast formation from these bacteria.

A case of endocarditis with vasculitis due to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans: a 16S rDNA signature for distinction from related organisms.

1998

Vectors of tick-borne diseases and epidemiological situation in Latvia in 1993-2002.

2004

During the period of 1993-2002 an increase and the remarkable changes in the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme borreliosis (LB) as well as annual activities of vector species were noticed. The highest increase of TBE morbidity in Latvia has been observed in 1994 and 1995, and less expressed also in 1998 which was followed by a significant decrease during subsequent years. Whereas the highest peak of LB morbidity has been noticed in 1998 with only a minor decrease during subsequent years. Two epidemiologically significant Ixodes tick species are common in Latvia. Ixodes ricinus L. spread in the western and central part of Latvia; but rarely and in small numbers also in the …

Nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis in Spain: a multicenter prospective study.

2009

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of nosocomial rotavirus gastroenteritis among children <2 years of age. METHODS We conducted a prospective active surveillance for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in the pediatric wards of 3 representative hospitals in Valencia (Spain) from October 2006 to March 2007, among children between 1 and 23 months of age with acute diarrhea. Children were followed up for 3 days after discharge. We obtained clinical and demographic information from participants and tested their stool specimens for rotavirus. RESULTS A total of 1576 children were hospitalized at the 3 hospitals and 1300 (82.5%) were followed up as the study cohort. In 69 …

Rotavirus gastroenteritis in Italian children: can severity of symptoms be related to the infecting virus?

2001

The aim of our study was to determine whether the severity of rotavirus gastroenteritis may be related to the different characteristics of infecting viral strains. The severity of clinical symptoms in 401 children with acute rotavirus gastroenteritis was assessed using a scoring system for frequency and duration of vomiting, diarrhea, and fever, as well as the patients' requirements for intravenous rehydration. Rotavirus strains were characterized by determining the electropherotype of their double-stranded RNA, the G type and subgroup by a panel of monoclonal antibodies, and the P type by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Strains with a short electropherotype, G2P[4] type, a…

Rare AU-1-like G3P[9] human rotaviruses with a Kun-like NSP4 gene in children with diarrhea in Italy

2007

ABSTRACT Three G3P[9] rotaviruses, detected in children hospitalized with gastroenteritis in Palermo, Italy, were found to be genetically related to strains of either human or feline origin in the VP7, VP4, and VP6 genes. In contrast, in the NSP4 gene the viruses resembled G2P[4] human strains, suggesting a reassortment between AU-1-like and Kun-like strains.

Efavirenz and the CNS: what we already know and questions that need to be answered

2015

The NNRTI efavirenz has long been one of the most frequently employed antiretroviral drugs in the multidrug regimens used to treat HIV infection, in accordance with its well-demonstrated antiretroviral efficacy and favourable pharmacokinetics. However, growing concern about its adverse effects has sometimes led to efavirenz being replaced by other drugs in the initial treatment selection or to switching of therapy to efavirenz-free regimens in experienced patients. Neurological and neuropsychiatric reactions are the manifestations most frequently experienced by efavirenz-treated patients and range from transitory effects, such as nightmares, dizziness, insomnia, nervousness and lack of conc…

New β-Lactam-β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations.

2020

The limited armamentarium against drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli has led to the development of several novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (BLBLIs). In this review, we summarize their spectrum of in vitro activities, mechanisms of resistance, and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) characteristics. A summary of available clinical data is provided per drug. Four approved BLBLIs are discussed in detail. All are options for treating multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ceftazidime-avibactam is a potential drug for treating Enterobacterales producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), AmpC, an…

A Common Receptor Found for Echoviruses.

2019

Echoviruses are amongst the most common causative agents of aseptic meningitis worldwide and are particularly devastating in the neonatal population, where they are associated with severe hepatitis, neurological disease, including meningitis and encephalitis, and even death. Here, we identify the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) as a pan-echovirus receptor. We show that loss of expression of FcRn or its binding partner beta 2 microglobulin (β2M) renders cells resistant to infection by a panel of echoviruses at the stage of virus attachment, and that a blocking antibody to β2M inhibits echovirus infection in cell lines and in primary human intestinal epithelial cells. We also show that expression…