Search results for "INFECTIOUS"

showing 10 items of 2953 documents

Infant gut microbiota modulation by human milk disaccharides in humanized microbiome mice

2021

Human milk glycans present a unique diversity of structures that suggest different mechanisms by which they may affect the infant microbiome development. A humanized mouse model generated by infant fecal transplantation was utilized here to evaluate the impact of fucosyl-α1,3-GlcNAc (3FN), fucosyl-α1,6-GlcNAc, lacto-N-biose (LNB) and galacto-N-biose on the fecal microbiota and host–microbiota interactions. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that certain bacterial genera significantly increased (Ruminococcus and Oscillospira) or decreased (Eubacterium and Clostridium) in all disaccharide-supplemented groups. Interestingly, cluster analysis differentiates the consumption of fucosyl-oligosacc…

0301 basic medicineMaleBifidobacterium longuminfant fecal microbiotaMicrobiologiaRC799-869Gut floraAcetatesDisaccharidesFecesMice0302 clinical medicinelacto-n-biosefluids and secretionsRuminococcus gnavusRNA Ribosomal 16SEubacteriumgalacto-n–bioseBifidobacteriumbiologyGastroenterologyDiseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterologylacto-N-biosegalacto-N–biosefucosyl-α-1ButyratesInfectious Diseases030211 gastroenterology & hepatologyFemaleResearch ArticleResearch PaperMicrobiology (medical)AdultDNA Bacterialhumanized mouse modelInfants Malaltiesshort-chain fatty acidsMicrobiologyMicrobiology03 medical and health sciencesfucosyl-α-16-N-acetylglucosamineYoung AdultAnimalsHumans6-n-acetylglucosamineMicrobiomeBacteriaMilk HumanRuminococcusInfant NewbornInfantAkkermansiafucosyl-α-13-N-acetylglucosaminebiology.organism_classificationcytokinesGastrointestinal Microbiome3-n-acetylglucosamineMice Inbred C57BL030104 developmental biologyshort-chain fatty acidscytokineshuman milk oligosaccharides
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Performance of a rapid diagnostic test for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in African children admitted to hospital with diarrhea

2020

Background Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that causes mild to severe diarrhoeal disease in humans. To date, several commercial companies have developed rapid immunoassays for the detection of Cryptosporidium infection. However, the challenge is to identify an accurate, simple and rapid diagnostic tool for the estimation of cryptosporidiosis burden. This study aims at evaluating the accuracy of CerTest Crypto, a commercialized rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for the detection of Cryptosporidium antigens in the stool of children presenting with diarrhoea. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in four study sites in Sub-Saharan Africa (Gabon, Ghana, Madagascar, and Tanzania), from…

0301 basic medicineMaleCryptosporidium infectionCross-sectional studyRC955-962CryptosporidiosisArtificial Gene Amplification and ExtensionPathology and Laboratory MedicinePolymerase Chain ReactionENTAMOEBA-HISTOLYTICAGeographical LocationsFeces0302 clinical medicineArctic medicine. Tropical medicineMedicine and Health SciencesMedicineProtozoansRapid diagnostic testbiologyEukaryotaCryptosporidiumDiarrheaInfectious DiseasesCryptosporidium parvumChild PreschoolGIARDIA-LAMBLIAFemalemedicine.symptomPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270BURDENPolymorphism Restriction Fragment LengthResearch ArticleDiarrheamedicine.medical_specialty030231 tropical medicineANTIGENCryptosporidiumGastroenterology and HepatologyResearch and Analysis MethodsSensitivity and Specificity03 medical and health sciencesSigns and SymptomsDiagnostic MedicineOOCYSTSInternal medicineparasitic diseasesParasitic DiseasesHumansGabonMolecular Biology TechniquesMolecular BiologyAfrica South of the Saharabusiness.industryPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthOrganismsCryptosporidium ParvumBiology and Life SciencesInfantGold standard (test)biology.organism_classificationmedicine.diseaseConfidence intervalParasitic Protozoans030104 developmental biologyCross-Sectional StudiesFECAL SAMPLESPeople and PlacesAfricabusiness
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Composition and Genetic Diversity of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) on Islands and Mainland Shores of Kenya's Lakes Victoria and Baringo.

2016

The Lake Baringo and Lake Victoria regions of Kenya are associated with high seroprevalence of mosquito-transmitted arboviruses. However, molecular identification of potential mosquito vector species, including morphologically identified ones, remains scarce. To estimate the diversity, abundance, and distribution of mosquito vectors on the mainland shores and adjacent inhabited islands in these regions, we collected and morphologically identified adult and immature mosquitoes and obtained the corresponding sequence variation at cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) and internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) gene regions. A total of 63 species (including five subspecies) were collected from both…

0301 basic medicineMaleCulex030231 tropical medicineMosquito VectorsSubspeciesDNA barcodingmosquito-borne diseaseElectron Transport Complex IV03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineculicineCulex pipiensparasitic diseasesDNA Ribosomal SpacerAnophelesAnimalsgeneticsInternal transcribed spacerCladePhylogenyOvumIslandsPopulation DensityGenetic diversityGeneral VeterinarybiologyEcologyfungiAnophelesPupaGenetic VariationSampling Distribution DispersalSequence Analysis DNAbiology.organism_classificationBiotaKenyavector ecologyLakes030104 developmental biologyInfectious DiseasesCulicidaeInsect ScienceLarvaInsect ProteinsParasitologyFemaleAnimal DistributionJournal of medical entomology
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Antibiotic resistance and population structure of cystic fibrosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from a Spanish multi-centre study

2017

The first Spanish multi-centre study on the microbiology of cystic fibrosis (CF) was conducted from 2013 to 2014. The study involved 24 CF units from 17 hospitals, and recruited 341 patients. The aim of this study was to characterise Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, 79 of which were recovered from 75 (22%) patients. The study determined the population structure, antibiotic susceptibility profile and genetic background of the strains. Fifty-five percent of the isolates were multi-drug-resistant, and 16% were extensively drug-resistant. Defective mutS and mutL genes were observed in mutator isolates (15.2%). Considerable genetic diversity was observed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (70 p…

0301 basic medicineMaleCystic FibrosisAntibiotic resistanceArray tubeMulti-locus sequence typing (MLST)medicine.disease_causeGenotypePharmacology (medical)ChildGeneticseducation.field_of_studyMolecular EpidemiologyVirulencePseucforrumus aeruginosaGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedMutS DNA Mismatch-Binding ProteinElectrophoresis Gel Pulsed-FieldInfectious DiseasesChild PreschoolPseudomonas aeruginosaFemalemedicine.drugMicrobiology (medical)AdultAdolescentGenotype030106 microbiologyPopulationVirulenceBiologyCystic fibrosisMicrobiology03 medical and health sciencesYoung AdultAntibiotic resistanceDrug Resistance BacterialmedicineHumansPseudomonas InfectionsTypingeducationGenetic diversityPseudomonas aeruginosaGenetic VariationMutL ProteinsSpainColistinMultilocus Sequence Typing
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Morphology, performance and attachment function in Corynosoma spp. (Acanthocephala)

2018

Background: Functional inference on the attachment of acanthocephalans has generally been drawn directly from morphology. However, performance of structures is often non-intuitive and context-dependent, thus performance analysis should be included whenever possible to improve functional interpretation. In acanthocephalans, performance analysis of attachment is available only for Acanthocephalus ranae, a species that solely relies on the proboscis to attach. Here we compare body morphology and muscle arrangement in 13 species of Corynosoma, which use their spiny body as a fundamental holdfast. A basic performance analysis using live cystacanths of two representative species is also provided.…

0301 basic medicineMaleEcomorphologyPerformanceEcomorphologyVideo RecordingAttachmentBiologyPolymorphidaeHost-Parasite InteractionsAcanthocephalalcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseasesPolymorphidaeCiencias Biológicas//purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https]03 medical and health sciencesReceptacleAnimalsSeawaterlcsh:RC109-216//purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https]HoldfastMammalsResearchMusclesProboscisECOMORPHOLOGYAnatomyZoología Ornitología Entomología Etología030108 mycology & parasitologyMUSCLEPERFORMANCEbiology.organism_classificationTrunkACANTHOCEPHALAPOLYMORPHIDAERetractorATTACHMENTInfectious DiseasesCorynosomaMicroscopy Electron ScanningMuscleParasitologyFemaleCORYNOSOMAHelminthiasis AnimalAcanthocephalaCIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTASParasites & Vectors
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The Potential Role of Direct and Indirect Contacts on Infection Spread in Dairy Farm Networks.

2017

Animals’ exchanges are considered the most effective route of between-farm infectious disease transmission. However, despite being often overlooked, the infection spread due to contaminated equipment, vehicles, or personnel proved to be important for several livestock epidemics. This study investigated the role of indirect contacts in a potential infection spread in the dairy farm network of the Province of Parma (Northern Italy). We built between-farm contact networks using data on cattle exchange (direct contacts), and on-farm visits by veterinarians (indirect contacts). We compared the features of the contact structures by using measures on static and temporal networks. We assessed the d…

0301 basic medicineMaleEpidemiologyanimal diseasesNetwork structureParatuberculosisAnimal DiseasesDisease Outbreaks0403 veterinary scienceDisease spreadingRisk FactorsParatuberculosisMedicine and Health Scienceslcsh:QH301-705.5MammalsDisease surveillanceEcologyInfectious disease transmissionIncidenceAgriculture04 agricultural and veterinary sciencesRuminantsProfessionsDairyingGeographyInfectious DiseasesComputational Theory and MathematicsVeterinary DiseasesItalyModeling and SimulationVertebratesLivestockFemaleResearch ArticleFarmsLivestock040301 veterinary sciencesContaminated equipmentCattle DiseasesCommunicable DiseasesInfectious Disease EpidemiologyVeterinariansVeterinary Epidemiology03 medical and health sciencesCellular and Molecular NeuroscienceBovinesEnvironmental healthGeneticsmedicineAnimalsComputer SimulationMolecular BiologyEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsModels Statisticalbusiness.industryOrganismsBiology and Life Sciencesmedicine.diseaseNorthern italy030104 developmental biologylcsh:Biology (General)AmniotesPeople and PlacesVeterinary ScienceCattlePopulation GroupingsContact TracingbusinessZoologyPLoS Computational Biology
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Impact of fascioliasis reinfection on Fasciola hepatica egg shedding: relationship with the immune-regulatory response.

2019

Abstract Fascioliasis is a disease caused by liver flukes. In human fascioliasis hyperendemic areas, reinfection and chronicity are the norm. Control strategies in humans require the use of egg count techniques to calculate the appropriate treatment dose for colic risk prevention. The present study investigates how fascioliasis reinfection affects liver fluke egg shedding and its relationship with the immune-regulatory response. The experimental design reproduced the usual reinfection/chronicity conditions in human fascioliasis endemic areas and included Fasciola hepatica primo-infected Wistar rats (PI) and rats reinfected at 4 weeks (R4), 8 weeks (R8), 12 weeks (R12), and negative control …

0301 basic medicineMaleFascioliasisVeterinary (miscellaneous)030231 tropical medicinePhysiologySpleenBiology03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineImmune systemRecurrenceparasitic diseasesmedicineFasciola hepaticaAnimalsLongitudinal StudiesRats WistarParasite Egg CountEggs per gramFecesFOXP3030108 mycology & parasitologyLiver flukeFasciola hepaticabiology.organism_classificationInterleukin-10RatsInterleukin 10Infectious Diseasesmedicine.anatomical_structureCross-Sectional StudiesInsect ScienceImmunoglobulin GParasitologyActa tropica
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Efficacy and tolerability of switching to a dual therapy with darunavir/ritonavir plus raltegravir in HIV-infected patients with HIV-1 RNA ≤50 cp/…

2017

Background: Nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) toxicity may represent a threat for long-term success of combined antiretroviral therapy. Some studies have suggested a possible improvement of NRTI-related toxicity after switching to NRTI-sparing regimens. Objectives: We aimed to explore the efficacy and tolerability of switching to darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) plus raltegravir (RAL) while having a viral load (VL) ≤50 copies/mL in the clinical setting. Study design: Treatment-experienced HIV 1-infected patients enrolled in the ICONA Foundation Study cohort were included if they switched their current regimen to DRV/r + RAL with a HIV-RNA ≤50 copies/mL. Different defin…

0301 basic medicineMaleHIV InfectionsAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability; Microbiology (medical); Infectious DiseasesAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Cohort Studies; Darunavir; Drug Therapy Combination; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; RNA Viral; Raltegravir Potassium; Ritonavir; Viral LoadGastroenterologyCohort StudiesAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability0302 clinical medicineMedicineNRTI-sparing regimen030212 general & internal medicineViralDarunavireducation.field_of_studyLamivudineGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedViral LoadTolerabilityAntiretroviral therapyInfectious DiseasesTolerabilityItalyCombinationRNA ViralDrug Therapy CombinationFemaleViral loadmedicine.drugAdultMicrobiology (medical)medicine.medical_specialtyEfficacyAnti-HIV Agents030106 microbiologyPopulationDarunavir/ritonavir; Raltegravir; Efficacy; Tolerability; Antiretroviral therapy; NRTI-sparing regimenSettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVELower riskNO03 medical and health sciencesDrug TherapyInternal medicineRaltegravir PotassiumHumanseducationDarunavirRitonavirbusiness.industryDarunavir/ritonavirRaltegravirRaltegravirHIV-1RNARitonavirbusinessAntiretroviral therapy; Darunavir/ritonavir; Efficacy; NRTI-sparing regimen; Raltegravir; Tolerability;
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Disease severity in patients with visceral leishmaniasis is not altered by co-infection with intestinal parasites

2017

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease that affects the poorest communities and can cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Visceral leishmaniasis is characterized by the presence of Leishmania parasites in the spleen, liver and bone marrow, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, prolonged fever, systemic inflammation and low body mass index (BMI). The factors impacting on the severity of VL are poorly characterized. Here we performed a cross-sectional study to assess whether co-infection of VL patients with intestinal parasites influences disease severity, assessed with clinical and haematological data, inflammation, cytokine profiles and BMI. Data from VL patients was s…

0301 basic medicineMaleIMPACTPhysiologyHepatosplenomegalySystemic inflammationPathology and Laboratory MedicineTHERAPYSeverity of Illness IndexBody Mass Index0302 clinical medicineIntestinal ParasitesBone MarrowZoonosesImmune PhysiologyMedicine and Health SciencesIntestinal Diseases ParasiticHELMINTH INFECTIONSLeishmaniasisImmune ResponseInnate Immune SystembiologyCoinfectionlcsh:Public aspects of medicineASCARIASIS11 Medical And Health SciencesHematologyPancytopenia3. Good healthInfectious DiseasesCytokinesLeishmaniasis Visceralmedicine.symptomLife Sciences & BiomedicineHepatomegalyResearch ArticleNeglected Tropical DiseasesAdultlcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicineAdolescentlcsh:RC955-962030231 tropical medicineImmunology03 medical and health sciencesYoung AdultSigns and SymptomsDONOVANIDiagnostic MedicineTropical MedicineHOOKWORMSeverity of illnessmedicineParasitic DiseasesAnimalsHumansParasitesInflammationScience & TechnologyProtozoan InfectionsINTERFERON-GAMMAbusiness.industryPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthTropical diseaseBiology and Life SciencesLeishmaniasislcsh:RA1-127006 Biological SciencesMolecular DevelopmentINTERLEUKIN-10Leishmaniabiology.organism_classificationmedicine.diseaseTropical Diseases030104 developmental biologyVisceral leishmaniasisCross-Sectional StudiesLogistic ModelsCase-Control StudiesCo-InfectionsImmune SystemImmunologySplenomegalyUNDERNUTRITIONParasitologyEthiopiabusinessParasitic Intestinal DiseasesSpleenDevelopmental Biology
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Incidence and risk factors for liver enzyme elevation among naive HIV-1-infected patients receiving ART in the ICONA cohort

2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the incidence and risk factors for liver enzyme elevations (LEE) in patients initiating first-line ART in the ICONA prospective observational cohort, between June 2009 and December 2017.Patients and methodsIn total, 6575 ART-naive patients were selected, initiating two NRTIs with the third drug being a boosted PI (n=2436; 37.0%), an NNRTI (n=2384; 36.3%) or an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) (n=1755; 26.7%). HBV surface antigen and HCV RNA were detected in 3.9% and 5.8% of the study population. Inverse probability weighted Cox regression analysis was used to calculate the HRs, according to first-line regimen, for LEE, defined as ALT or AST increases…

0301 basic medicineMaleIntegrase inhibitorHepatitis B Surface AntigenHIV Infections0302 clinical medicineRisk Factorshivh epatitis c rna surface antigens follow-up homosexuality integrase inhibitors hepatitis b virus hepatitis b virus measurement hiv infections hepatotoxicity hepatitis c virus coinfection nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors cox proportional hazards models baseline value liver enzyme raltegravirPharmacology (medical)HIV Infection030212 general & internal medicineProspective StudiesProspective cohort studyCoinfectionIncidence (epidemiology)Liver DiseaseIncidenceLiver Diseasesvirus diseasesHepatitis CMiddle AgedHepatitis CReverse Transcriptase InhibitorInfectious DiseasesCohortCoinfectionPopulation studyRegression AnalysisReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsFemalemedicine.drugHumanMicrobiology (medical)Adultmedicine.medical_specialtyAnti-HIV AgentsRegression AnalysiNO03 medical and health sciencesInternal medicinemedicineHumansHIV Integrase InhibitorsHIV Protease InhibitorPharmacologyHepatitis B Surface Antigensbusiness.industryAnti-HIV AgentHIV ARTHIV Protease Inhibitorsmedicine.diseaseRaltegravir030112 virologyHIV Integrase InhibitorProspective StudieHIV-1businessAdult Anti-HIV Agents Coinfection Female Hepatitis B Surface Antigens Hepatitis C HIV Infections HIV Integrase Inhibitors HIV Protease Inhibitors HIV-1 Humans Incidence Liver Diseases Male Middle Aged Prospective Studies Regression Analysis Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Risk Factors
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