Search results for "INJURY"
showing 10 items of 1656 documents
Effects of Adjacent Vehicles on Judgments of a Lead Car During Car Following.
2016
Objective: Two experiments were conducted to determine whether detection of the onset of a lead car’s deceleration and judgments of its time to contact (TTC) were affected by the presence of vehicles in lanes adjacent to the lead car. Background: In a previous study, TTC judgments of an approaching object by a stationary observer were influenced by an adjacent task-irrelevant approaching object. The implication is that vehicles in lanes adjacent to a lead car could influence a driver’s ability to detect the lead car’s deceleration and to make judgments of its TTC. Method: Displays simulated car-following scenes in which two vehicles in adjacent lanes were either present or absent. Participa…
Effectance and control as determinants of video game enjoyment
2007
This article explores video game enjoyment originated by games' key characteristic, interactivity. An online experiment (N = 500) tested experiences of effectance (perceived influence on the game world) and of being in control as mechanisms that link interactivity to enjoyment. A video game was manipulated to either allow normal play, reduce perceived effectance, or reduce perceived control. Enjoyment ratings suggest that effectance is an important factor in video game enjoyment but that the relationship between control of the game situation and enjoyment is more complex. © 2007 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Higher leukocyte subpopulation counts in healthy smoker industrial workers than in nonsmoker industrial workers: possible health consequences.
2012
<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Cigarette smoke contains free radicals, which cause injury to endothelial cells and oxidize bioactive components in the blood. Neutrophils, a subpopulation of leukocytes, contain the enzyme myeloperoxidase that mediates production of hypochlorous acid during oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated whether smoker industrial workers had significantly higher neutrophil counts than nonsmoker industrial workers. <b><i>Design and Methods:</i></b> We collected blood samples from 183 apparently healthy male and 30 female industrial workers. We obtained blood cell counts, measured the concentration of plasma aminothio…
The role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in orthotopic liver transplantation.
2003
Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury as well as acute graft rejection (RE) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) are associated with leukocyte invasion of the graft. Local synthesis of chemokines is a key reaction in the recruitment and activation of inflammatory leukocytes and consequent liver damage. In this paper we describe the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (CCL2) in human OLT. We investigated the serum CC-chemokine levels for MCP-1 by specific ELISAs after OLT in 105 human liver allografts between September 1997 and January 2001. One hour after reperfusion we saw a significant (t test) increase of MCP-1 in peripheral blood (92.5 +/- 85.8 pg/mL to 774.2 +/- 319.…
Prevention of ischemic-type biliary lesions by arterial back-table pressure perfusion
2003
Abstract Ischemic-type biliary lesions (ITBLs) lead to considerable morbidity after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The exact pathogenesis is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that insufficient perfusion of biliary arterial vessels might be responsible for ITBLs. This could be prevented by improved perfusion techniques. Since February 2000, we performed a controlled study using arterial back-table pressure perfusion (AP) to achieve reliable perfusion of the biliary-tract capillary system, which may be impaired by the high viscosity of University of Wisconsin solution. We retrospectively analyzed 190 OLTs performed between September 1997 and July 2002 with regard to ITBLs. One hundre…
The Fontan-Operation: From Intra- to Extracardiac Procedure
2003
Purpose For treatment of univentricular heart, the Fontan operation has been established as the definitive palliation. The current controversy is mainly based on the high incidence of arrhythmias after an intra-atrial lateral tunnel Fontan operation. Methods From January 1995 until April 2002. 46 children underwent a Fontan-type operation with or without a small fenestration. In 33 patients (group I) an Intracardiac tunnel and in 13 patients (group II) an extracardiac conduit procedure was performed. Principal findings There was no perioperative mortality. All patients showed postoperative a significant increase of arterial oxygen saturation, from 76 to 86% after surgery with fenestration, …
Hormonal Alterations in Victimized Women Explained by Their Hostile Reactions in Coping with Couple Violence
2019
AbstractRecent studies have highlighted the dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and its end products, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), in women with a history of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. These studies analyzed several coping styles, but they neglected to examine the use of violent strategies to confront IPV and the way these strategies affect HPA functioning. This latter proposal would be based on the gender symmetry model of IPV, which sustains that IPV is generally symmetrical, but that women’s violence tends to be a reaction to male violence. Hence, the main objective of the present study was to examine whether women’s viol…
The Effect of Nitrazepam on Manual Skill, Grip Strength, and Reaction Time with Special Reference to Subjective Evaluation of Effects on Sleep
1978
The effects of 5 and 10 mg oral nitrazepam doses on manual skills, grip strength, and reaction time 8 hours after ingestion of the drugs were studied in 34 healthy female volunteers aged 19-22 years. 5 mg nitrazepam caused a slight but insignificant decrease in psychomotor skills. With 10 mg psychomotor skills were influenced significantly. Grip strength and reaction time were not influenced either by the 5 or 10 mg doses. The investigators corroborate the value of the established effects of nitrazepam as a hypnotic, but recommend that caution should be excercised in prescribing the drug as a hypnotic (especially in doses exceeding 5 mg) to work-aged subjects as there is a risk of significa…
Functional evaluation of patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury. A transversal analytical study.
2018
Abstract Objective To evaluate, by means of biomechanical analysis, functional alterations of gait and balance of patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Material and methods Transversal analytical study on 64 people, 27 health subjects and 37 patients with ACL injury. Biomechanical analysis of gait in all individuals was performed by means of four tests: (1) kinematic test, to characterize gait pattern; (2) kinetic test, to characterize forces against the floor, duration of treads, symmetry of both legs, and the reproducibility of the gait; (3) pivot-shift test, to analyze the rotational stability of the knee on the sagittal axis; and (4) equilibrium test. Results Alteration…
Multilevel Models in the Explanation of the Relationship between Safety Climate and Safe Behavior
2013
AbstractThis study examines the relationships between components of organizational safety climate, including employee attitudes to organizational safety issues; perceptions of the physical working environment, and evaluations of worker engagement with safety issues; and relates these to self-reported levels of safety behavior. It attempts to explore the relationships between these variables in 1189 workers across 78 work groups in a large transportation organization. Evaluations of safety climate, the working environment and worker engagement, as well as safe behaviors, were collected using a self report questionnaire. The multilevel analysis showed that both levels of evaluation (the work …