Search results for "INOS"
showing 10 items of 2075 documents
The ongoing naturalisation of Eucalyptus spp. in the Mediterranean Basin: new threats to native species and habitats
2019
The genus Eucalyptus has been widely introduced into many regions of the world outside its native range and has become invasive in some Mediterranean biomes (e.g. in southern Africa and California). In the Mediterranean Basin and Europe, eucalypts were introduced at the end of the 18th century. However, natural regeneration events in these regions are recent in time and limited in terms of affected areas, except for the Iberian Peninsula. An updated overview about the natural spread of Eucalyptus species in Italy is still lacking. This paper aims to fill this knowledge gap, using both published data and unpublished field data regarding naturalisation events, with a specific focus on Sicily.…
Typification and taxonomic remarks on five species names in Cytisus (Fabaceae)
2020
This paper deals with the typification and taxonomy of five Mediterranean Cytisus species. Cytisus affinis, C. candidus, and C. spinescens nom. illeg., non Sieber ex Spreng. were described from Sicily by Karel Bořivoj Presl, Cytisus spinescens was described from Apulia (southern Italy) by Curt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel, and C. villosus was described from southern France by Pierre André Pourret (1788). Lectotypes are here designated for Presl and Sprengel’s names. A neotype is designated for C. villosus. The taxonomic revision of these five names confirmed that C. villosus Pourr. (= Cytisus affinis C.Presl) is the name to be used for the species occurring in the large part of the Mediterrane…
Bacterial rhamnolipids are novel MAMPs conferring resistance to Botrytis cinerea in grapevine
2009
International audience; Rhamnolipids produced by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa are known as very efficient biosurfactant molecules. They are used for a wide range of industrial applications, especially in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical formulations as well as in bioremediation of pollutants. In this paper, the role of rhamnolipids as novel molecules triggering defence responses and protection against the fungus Botrytis cinerea in grapevine is presented. The effect of rhamnolipids was assessed in grapevine using cell suspension cultures and vitro-plantlets. Ca2+ influx, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and reactive oxygen species production form part of early signalling…
Laurel extracts inhibit quorum sensing, virulence factors and biofilm of foodborne pathogens
2020
Antimicrobial, antibiofilm, anti-Quorum sensing (QS) and virulence factors inhibitory capacity of different polarity Laurus nobilis extracts against several pathogenic microorganisms were studied. Some extracts exhibited antibiotic effect against Staphylococcus aureus multidrug-resistant strains. However, all extracts (100 µg/mL) inhibited to some extent the biofilm of most bacteria tested (until 40% for Gram-negative and 76% for Gram-positive). Hexane (HE) and chloroform extract (CE) were potent inhibitors of S. aureus biofilm and the microscopies further confirmed an important reduction in adherent cells. Polystyrene surfaces coated with these extracts showed a decrease in bacterial adhes…
Taxonomic investigations on Psoralea palaestina (Fabaceae), a critical species of Mediterranean flora
2016
Psoralea palaestina is a critical and unappreciated species described from Palestinian territories, and currently treated as synonym of P. bituminosa, nowadays known as Bituminaria bituminosa. Nomenclatural investigations allowed to ascertain that it was validly described for the first time by Bassi (1768) and not by Gouan (1773), as previously thought. Extensive taxonomic investigations revealed that this very peculiar legume is morphologically well differentiated from the other allied known species. Therefore, it has to be properly treated at specific level and transferred to the genus Bituminaria, thus proposing a new combination: Bituminaria palaestina. Based on literature, herbarium an…
Flower abscission in Vitis vinifera L. triggered by gibberellic acid and shade discloses differences in the underlying metabolic pathways
2015
Understanding abscission is both a biological and an agronomic challenge. Flower abscission induced independently by shade and gibberellic acid (GAc) sprays was monitored in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) growing under a soilless greenhouse system during two seasonal growing conditions, in an early and late production cycle. Physiological and metabolic changes triggered by each of the two distinct stimuli were determined. Environmental conditions exerted a significant effect on fruit set as showed by the higher natural drop rate recorded in the late production cycle with respect to the early cycle. Shade and GAc treatments increased the percentage of flower drop compared to the control, and …
EFFECTIVENESS OF SPINOSAD AND MINERAL OIL BASED COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS ON OVIPOSITION AND EGG HATCHING OF GRAPHOLITA FUNEBRANA TREITSCHKE
2018
Laboratory trials were performed to evaluate the action of spinosad and mineral oil on eggs of Grapholita funebrana Treitschke, the key pest in plum orchards. Fruits of cultivars Angeleno, President and Stanley were used in the trials. The first set of tests was carried out by introducing two mated females of G. funebrana into a cage together with fruits of a single cultivar. The second set of trials tested the three cultivars simultaneously. In all trials, one third of the fruits of each cultivar was treated with mineral oil, another third with spinosad and the final third was left untreated. Treatments were carried out before introducing mated females into the cages. The number of fruits …
The effect of low frequency noise on the behaviour of juvenile Sparus aurata.
2020
[EN] Anthropogenic activities are causing increased noise levels in the marine environment. To date, few studies have been undertaken to investigate the effects of different noise frequencies on the behaviour of juvenile fish. In this study, the behavioural changes of juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) are evaluated when exposed to white noise filtered in third-octave bands centred at 63, 125, 500, and 1000 Hz (sound pressure level, 140-150 dB re 1 mu& x3a1;a) for 7 h. The group dispersion, motility, and swimming height of the fish were analysed before and during the acoustic emission. Dispersion of the fish was found to reduce immediately upon application of low frequency sound (63…
Antibiofilm activity of coriander (Coriander sativum L.) grown in Argentina against food contaminants and human pathogenic bacteria
2020
Abstract Bacterial spoilage of food and other infections are a coordinated mechanism controlled by quorum sensing (QS), which regulate the expression of virulence factors, such as biofilm. The antimicrobial, antibiofilm, anti-QS and anti-swarming properties of hexane (HE), chloroform (CE), ethyl acetate (EAE), methanolic (ME) and total methanolic (TME) extracts of coriander grown in Argentina were investigated. In vivo extracts toxicity using Galleria mellonella L. model and chemical composition (GC-MS) were also assessed. The antibiofilm activity of polystyrene surfaces coated with the most active extracts was evaluated. At non-inhibitory growth concentrations, extracts showed a strong ant…
Evaluation of Brassicaceae seedlings as trap plants for Bagrada hilaris Burmeister in Caper bush cultivations
2020
The caper bush, Capparis spinosa (Brassicales: Capparaceae), is intensively grown on Pantelleria Island (Trapani, Sicily, Sicilian channel) where it has been granted protected geographical indication (PGI) by the EU. On this island, Bagrada hilaris, a stink bug native of Asia and Africa, is the major pest of caper crops. Recent studies have shown the attraction of B. hilaris to volatiles of brassicaceous plants at the seedling stage. The objective of this study was to evaluate three cotyledon-stage seedlings of host plants, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower), Eruca sativa (rocket) and Brassica carinata (Abyssinian cabbage), as potential trap plants for B. hilaris. The relative pr…