Search results for "INTERACTION"

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi positively affect growth of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle seedlings and show a strong association with this invasi…

2015

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may promote plant invasion by enhancing plant performance and competitiveness. However, only a small number of studies have considered the interactions between local soil microbial communities and invasive plants, and even fewer have focused on alien trees. Ailanthus altissima is a serious problem in the Mediterranean Basin, where it has invaded many habitats. We investigated the symbiosis between A. altissima and indigenous AMF in two invaded, ecologically different Mediterranean woodlands. Mycorrhizal infection was high at both sites (> 60% of the root fragments were mycorrhizal), indicating that A. altissima roots may be infected by AMF under different …

Linking air–sea energy fluxes and European anchovy potential spawning ground.

2008

The physical and chemical processes of the sea greatly affect the reproductive biology of fishes, mainly influencing both the numbers of spawned eggs and the survivorship of early stages up to the recruitment period. In the central Mediterranean, the European anchovy constitutes one of the most important fishery resource. Because of its short living nature and of its recruitment variability, associated to high environmental variability, this small pelagic species undergo high interannual fluctuation in the biomass levels. Despite several efforts were addressed to characterize fishes spawning habitat from the oceanographic point of view, very few studies analyze the air-sea exchanges effects…

Aroma release in the oral cavity after wine intake is influenced by wine matrix composition

2018

The aim of this study has been to investigate if wine matrix composition might influence the interaction between odorants and oral mucosa in the oral cavity during a “wine intake-like” situation. Aroma released after exposing the oral cavity of three individuals to different wines (n = 12) previously spiked with six target aromas was followed by an -in vivo intra-oral SPME approach. Results showed a significant effect of wine matrix composition on the intra-oral aroma release of certain odorants. Among the wine matrix parameters, phenolic compounds showed the largest impact. This effect was dependent on their chemical structure. Some phenolic acids (e.g. hippuric, caffeic) were associated t…

Using ‘Ambient Intelligence’ for Compensating Intellectual Difficulties of People with Severe Learning Difficulties and/or Autistic Spectrum Disorders

2004

This paper describes a set of services and software created so that what is called ‘ambient intelligence’ would compensate for the ‘intellectual difficulties’ that people from this collective have. Existing concepts and standards of ambient intelligence are strongly reinforced through the use of the exact current user’s position as a key factor to calculate how the ‘digital home’ or any ‘digital environment’ behaves at every moment. This will be obtained using both Wi-Fi personal locators (embedded in necklaces or bracelets) and Wi-Fi communication from the PDA. This mix, together with individual capabilities and preferences, makes the development of a wide range of services possible when c…

THE BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE OF AMPHIPODS HARBORING CORYNOSOMA CONSTRICTUM (ACANTHOCEPHALA) TO VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF LIGHT

2006

Many studies have shown that photic behavior of amphipods is subject to parasitic manipulation. However, all these investigations have focused on but one property of light (i.e., intensity). This study investigated the possibility that variable wavelength sensitivity, as a potentially important component of amphipod ecology, is subject to parasitic manipulation. The photic behavior of freshwater amphipods Hyalella azteca, infected with the duck acanthocephalan Corynosoma constrictum, was tested. The phototactic responses of infected and uninfected amphipods to various wavelengths in the visible spectrum were compared, and to delineate the effects of intensity and wavelength on behavior, the…

Carotenoids of two freshwater amphipod species (Gammarus pulex and G. roeseli) and their common acanthocephalan parasite Polymorphus minutus

2004

Carotenoid compositions of two freshwater Gammarus species (Crustacea: Amphipoda) and of their common acanthocephalan parasite Polymorphus minutus were characterized. The effect of carotenoid uptake by the parasite was addressed by comparing the carotenoid content of uninfected and infected female hosts. Using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), co-chromatography of reference pigments and electron ionization mass spectrometry of collected HPLC fractions (EI-MS), several xanthophylls and non-polar compounds were identified. Seven kinds of carotenoids, mainly xanthophylls, were identified in gammarids. Astaxanthin was predominant, amounting to 40 wt.% of total carotenoid in both uninf…

Amyloid-Like Superstructures: mechanisms of formation and morphologies

2014

Micro-organisms interactome during wine alcoholic fermentation

2022

The study of interactions between microorganisms is of major interest in oenology for various applications, including the modulation of the aromatic profile of wines. The interactions between Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts are widely described in the literature. On the contrary, interactions during alcoholic fermentation between S. cerevisiae strains, known for their technological properties in oenology, have been little studied.In this work, twelve strains of S. cerevisiae and their impact on wine were characterized in pure cultures using an integrative approach that combines microbiological, chemical, metabolomic and sensory approaches. An important intraspecific diversity was…

Cercarial Production of the Trematode Rhipidocotyle fennica in Clams Kept in the Field

1998

The numbers of cercariae that trematodes produce have been previously investigated in the laboratory but not in the field. I studied cercarial production of the bucephalid trematode Rhipidocotyle fennica in the freshwater unionid clam Anodonta piscinalis kept under natural conditions. Naturally infected clams (n = 180) were collected and marked in early June 1996. Every 14 days, starting from the collection date and ending in October, these clams were taken to the laboratory where they were monitored for the emergence of trematode cercariae. Between monitoring dates, the clams were returned to the collection site. From a random subsample of infected clams (n = 12), the number of cercariae p…

Relatedness affects competitive performance of a parasitic plant (Cuscuta europaea) in multiple infections.

2004

Theoretical models predict that parasite relatedness affects the outcome of competition between parasites, and the evolution of parasite virulence. We examined whether parasite relatedness affects competition between parasitic plants (Cuscuta europaea) that share common host plants (Urtica dioica). We infected hosts with two parasitic plants that were either half-siblings or nonrelated. Relative size asymmetry between the competing parasites was significantly higher in the nonrelated infections compared to infections with siblings. This higher asymmetry was caused by the fact that the performance of some parasite genotypes decreased and that of others increased when grown in multiple infect…