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showing 10 items of 3539 documents
Improved method for cannula fixation for long-term intracerebral brain infusion
2017
Abstract Background Implanted osmotic minipumps are commonly used for long-term, brain-targeted delivery of a wide range of experimental agents by being connected to a catheter and a cannula. During the stereotactical surgery procedure, the cannula has to be placed correctly in the x-y directions and also with respect to the injection point in the z-direction (deepness). However, the flat fixation base of available cannula holders doesn’t allow an easy, secure fixation onto the curve-shaped skull. New method We have developed a modified method for a better fixation of the cannula holder by using an easy-to-produce, skull-shaped silicone spacer as fixation adapter. Results We describe the ap…
Lamotrigine differently modulates 7-Nitroindazole and L-Arginine influence on Rat Maximal Dentate Gyrus Activation
2007
The effects induced on the maximal dentate gyrus activation (MDA) by administering the anticonvulsant lamotrigine (LTG), the selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) and the precursor of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis L-arginine, alone or in combination, were studied in urethane anaesthetized rats. Either 7-NI or LTG alone administration reduced the number of convulsing animals following angular bundle (AB) stimulation; their combined treatment induced a further increase of the anticonvulsant effect as also demonstrated by the decrease of MDA and afterdischarge (AD) durations in the animals still responding to AB stimulation. On the contrary, the injection o…
In the rat maximal dentate activation model of partial complex epilepsy, the anticonvulsant activity of levetiracetam is modulated by nitric oxide-ac…
2009
The effects of nitric oxide-active drugs on the anticonvulsant action of the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam in an experimental model of partial complex seizures named maximal dentate gyrus activation were studied in rats. Levetiracetam was given alone or in combination with 7-nitroindazole, a preferential inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, or with L: -arginine, the precursor of nitric oxide synthesis. The maximal dentate activation parameters were the time of latency and the durations of maximal dentate activation and afterdischarge responses. The administration of levetiracetam showed an anticonvulsant effect that was increased when given in combination with 7-nitroindazole. Th…
Behavioral Effects of GABAA Receptor Stimulation and GABA-Transporter Inhibition
2000
Abstract The present analysis addressed behavioral changes after treatment with 4.5 mg/kg or 18.5 mg/kg of the GABA-uptake inhibitor tiagabine combined with either the benzodiazepine diazepam (1.5 mg/kg) or the imidazopyridine zolpidem (0.05 mg/kg), the latter two acting differentially on GABA A receptor subtypes. The study included 97 male PVG/OIaHsd rats. A standard open field, an enriched open field, and an elevated plus-maze was used to study rat behavior. Treatment with the low dose of tiagabine alone induced no specific behavioral effects, whereas the high dose had an anxiolytic-like potential. Furthermore, diazepam but not zolpidem displayed anxiolytic-like effects. Combination of ea…
Incidence and risk factors of post-engraftment invasive fungal disease in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients receiving or…
2015
Studies that analyze the epidemiology and risk factors for invasive fungal disease (IFD) after engraftment in alloSCT are few in number. This single-center retrospective study included 404 alloSCT adult recipients surviving > 40 days who engrafted and were discharged without prior IFD. All patients who received >= 20 mg/day of prednisone were assigned to primary oral prophylaxis (itraconazole or low-dose voriconazole). The primary end point was the cumulative incidence (CI) of probable/proven IFD using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) criteria. The independent prognostic factors after multivariate analyses were used to constr…
Anticonvulsant effects of carbenoxolone in genetically epilepsy prone rats (GEPRs).
2004
Carbenoxolone (CBX), the succinyl ester of glycyrrhetinic acid, is an inhibitor of gap junctional intercellular communication. Systemic administration of CBX was able to decrease the seizure severity score and to increase the latency time of seizure onset in genetically epilepsy prone rats (GEPRs). In particular, intravenous or intraperitoneal administration of carbenoxolone (5-30 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent and significant reduction in the clonic and tonic phases of the audiogenic seizures in GEPRs. The anticonvulsant doses were not associated with an impairment of motor coordination. The bilateral microinjection of CBX (0.001-0.50 microg/0.5 microl) into the inferior colliculi, the s…
The Anticonvulsant FCE 26743 is a Selective and Short-acting MAO-B Inhibitor Devoid of Inducing Properties towards Cytochrome P450-dependent Testoste…
1994
Abstract The effects of the potent anticonvulsant FCE 26743 ((S)-2-(4-(3-fluorobenzyloxy)benzylamino)propionamide) on monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity were measured in-vitro and ex-vivo using rat tissue homogenates. In-vitro, FCE 26743 showed potent and selective inhibitory properties towards liver MAO-B, with IC50 values about 10−7 m for MAO-B and higher than 10−5 m for MAO-A. When determined ex-vivo in brain, the ED50 value for the inhibition of MAO-B was 1·1 mg kg−1 (p.o.) 1 h post-dosing, whereas MAO-A remained virtually unaffected after administration of 60 mg kg−1. Similar effects were seen in liver. Following oral administration of 5 mg kg−1 FCE 26743 to rats, brain MAO-B inhibitio…
Characterisation of a novel airway late phase model in the sensitized guinea pig which uses silica and Bordetella pertussis as adjuvant for sensitiza…
1996
The objective of the present investigation was to validate a novel model of allergic late phase reaction in the airways of conscious guinea pigs by monitoring airway function with CO2-forced respiration. In addition airway inflammation as one possible cause for the development of airway late phase reaction was characterized by a novel technique which consists of bronchoalveolar lavage via the orotracheal route. Guinea pigs were sensitized twice at 2-week intervals with ovalbumin in silica and Bordetella pertussis. Two weeks after the booster sensitization all guinea pigs showed an acute decrease of tidal volume under CO2-forced respiration 5-15 min after antigen challenge. In contrast 42 ou…
Pregabalin as add-on treatment to botulinum toxin in idiopathic hemifacial spasm
2007
Botulinum toxin (BTX) is the medical therapy of choice in hemifacial spasm (HFS). However, in some patients, its therapeutic effect is insufficient. ### Patient 1. A 64-year-old man with a 10-year history of left-sided HFS was treated with BTX over a period of 6 years with good results. However, in the last 2 years the spasms were never sufficiently relieved by BTX. The patient felt significantly impaired, but declined to undergo neurosurgical intervention. The EDB test showed a decrease in the CMAP amplitude of 60%. Without changing the BTX regime, pregabalin (initially 75 mg/day increased every 5 days by 75 mg to 150 mg twice daily) was added for a 1-month trial period in the absence of a…
Interaction of uridine with GABA binding sites in cerebellar membranes of the rat
1983
The effect of uridine, a postulated anticonvulsant agent, on GABA receptors has been investigated. Uridine inhibits [3H]GABA binding to rat cerebellar buffer-washed membranes. Pretreatment of the membranes with Triton X-100 increases the effect of uridine on GABA-binding. The Scatchard analysis reveals that both high and low affinities of GABA for its receptors are affected by 1 mM uridine, while the apparent number of binding sites remains unchanged. The ability of uridine to interact competitively with GABA binding sites, also examined by the Lineweaver-Burk analysis, suggests a possible mechanism of action of this anticonvulsant agent, so including it among those compounds characterized …