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Comparison of the effects of valproate, ethosuximide, phenytoin, and pentobarbital on cerebral energy metabolism in the rat.
1987
The acute effects of valproate (200 and 400 mg/kg), ethosuximide (200 and 400 mg/kg), phenytoin (25 and 50 mg/kg), and pentobarbital (30 and 60 mg/kg) on cerebral energy metabolism of rats were studied by measuring the cerebral content of energy metabolites and by evaluating the rate of metabolite utilization following decapitation. The treatments did not affect the levels of phosphocreatine (PCr), ATP, ADP, and AMP, but did enhance the glycogen or glucose stores. Pentobarbital induced a decrease in lactate, whereas valproate led to a decrease in pyruvate and an increase in lactate. Calculation of the metabolite fluxes after decapitation showed that all treatments delayed the rate of ATP ut…
Phenytoin-induced glutathione depletion in rat peripheral nerve
1995
Abstract Administration of high doses (150–250 mg/kg body weight) of phenytoin (DPH) promote a 40% decrease in glutathione (GSH) content of rat sciatic nerve. This DPH-induced GSH depletion is accompanied with an electrophysiological impairment of peripheral neuromuscular function. H7 (20 mg/kg body weight IP, 30 min prior to DPH), a protein kinase C inhibitor, was able to prevent the DPH-induced GSH depletion only at the lower DPH dose used. This same inhibitor completely prevented the electrophysiological impairment at the lower DPH dose, and only partially at the higher DPH dose used. These results confirm the hypothesis of a DPH-dependent activation of PKC (that might be triggered by, o…
Towards reliable identification of male Dicerura: descriptions of three new and seven poorly known species in the Palearctic region (Diptera: Cecidom…
2018
The taxonomy of Dicerura Kieffer, 1898, a genus of Porricondylinae now comprising 32 species in the Holarctic region, is revised. Three new species are described based on morphological characters of male adults: D. jakovlevi Jaschhof & Spungis sp. nov. (from Finland), D. penttineni Jaschhof & Spungis sp. nov. (Finland), and D. yezoensis Jaschhof & Spungis sp. nov. (Japan). Dicerura padi Mamaev, 1975 syn. nov. is revealed to be a junior synonym of D. furculata Mamaev, 1968. Seven species, whose original descriptions are from a present-day perspective inadequate for the purpose of identification, are redescribed: D. barbata Mamaev, 1966; D. formosa Mamaev, 1998; D. foliicola Mamae…
Colonization of adrenal glands and ovaries of mice by HSV-2 variants
1990
HSV-2 strain ER was shown to consist of variants with different pathogenic phenotype: Variant ER+ replicates to high titers in the adrenal glands and the ovaries but much less in the spleen; the testes were not colonized. ER+ migrates to the spinal ganglia and is highly neuroinvasive after i.p. inoculation. Variant ER- replicates 100-1,000 fold less in the adrenal glands and the ovaries, but proceeds to the spinal ganglia without invading the CNS. However, both variants are highly neuropathogenic after direct i.c. injection. We conclude that neuropathogenicity, neuroinvasiveness and the ability to replicate in the adrenal glands as well as ovaries are each determined by different sets of ge…
TREATMENT OF PERSISTENTLY OPEN MACULAR HOLES WITH HEAVY SILICONE OIL (DENSIRON 68) VERSUS C2F6. A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED STUDY
2016
Abstract PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of a mixture of silicone oil and perfluorohexyloctane (Densiron 68) with C2F6 gas endotamponade in the retreatment of persistently open full-thickness macular holes. METHODS: In this prospective randomized study, 21 consecutive patients who were unsuccessfully operated on for large idiopathic full-thickness macular hole were randomly assigned to undergo a second vitrectomy with 20% perfluoroethane gas (C2F6, Group A) or with Densiron 68 tamponade (Group B). PRIMARY OUTCOMES: Endpoint (12 months) full-thickness macular hole closure rate by spectral domain optical coherence tomography and logMAR corrected distance visual acuity. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: po…
Novel Potent Anticonvulsant Agent Containing a Tetrahydroisoquinoline Skeleton
2006
In our studies on the development of new anticonvulsants, we planned the synthesis of N-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines to explore the structure-activity relationships. All derivatives were evaluated against audiogenic seizures in DBA/2 mice, and the 1-(4'-bromophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-(piperidin-1-ylacetyl) derivative (26) showed the highest activity with a potency comparable to that of talampanel, the only noncompetitive alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) antagonist in clinical trials as an anticonvulsant agent. Electrophysiological experiments indicated that 26 acts as noncompetitive AMPA receptor modulator.
Non-convulsive status epilepticus associated with tiagabine in a pediatric patient
2003
We report a 4-year-old patient who developed non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) following tiagabine (TGB) as add-on treatment for refractory partial seizures. NCSE occurred while the patient received TGB 0.83mg/kg/day. In our case, the TGB reduction led to a significant improvement of electroclinical features. The mechanisms of this abnormal effect are not clear. GABA-ergic hyperfunction and/or multiplicity of interlinked brain GABA systems associated with individual specific sensitivity could play a critical role in the pathogenesis of NCSE. This is the first report of NCSE documented by electroencephalogram (EEG) in a child under 12 years of age on TGB treatment. © 2003 Elsevier Sci…
Continuous intra-amygdalar infusion of GABA in the amygdala kindling model of epilepsy in rat.
2003
Objective: To explore the effect of continuous intra-amygdalar infusion of GABA in the amygdala kindling model of epilepsy in rat. Methods: An electrode and cannula complex was implanted in adult male Wistar rats, the electrode being targeted to the left basolateral amygdala. The animals were subjected to a standard kindling procedure. Osmotic minipumps filled with either GABA or mannitol were connected to cannulas and allowed to infuse during 7 days. Kindling experiments measuring after-discharge and seizure thresholds, seizure severity and duration, and behavioral toxicity were performed before, during and after the drug infusion period. Results: Both after-discharge and seizure threshold…
Heavy versus standard silicone oil in the management of retinal detachment with macular hole in myopic eyes
2011
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with 1000 cSt silicone oil endotamponade and PPV with densiron endotamponade for retinal detachment with macular hole and posterior staphyloma in highly myopic eyes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a prospective study, 30 eyes of 30 patients were randomly assigned to PPV and densiron (n = 15) or PPV with silicone oil (n = 15). All eyes had laser photocoagulation of the macular hole rim after PPV. Silicone oil or densiron was removed 12 weeks after surgery. Patients were followed-up for 6 months after oil removal. RESULTS: In the densiron group, the retinal reattachment rate was 100% with densiron in situ and 87% after it…
RNAPol-ChIP: a novel application of chromatin immunoprecipitation to the analysis of real-time gene transcription.
2004
We describe a procedure, RNAPol-ChIP, to measure actual transcriptional rate. It consists of the detection, by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), of RNA polymerase II within the coding region of genes. To do this, the DNA immunoprecipitated with polymerase antibodies is analysed by PCR, using an amplicon well within the coding region of the desired genes to avoid interferences with polymerase paused at the promoter. To validate RNAPol-ChIP, we compare our results to those obtained by classical methods in several genes induced during either liver regeneration or acute pancreatitis. When short half-life mRNA genes are studied (e.g. c-fos and egr1), RNAPol-ChIP gives results similar to thos…