Search results for "Idrologia"

Rainfall statistics changes in Sicily

2013

Abstract. Changes in rainfall characteristics are one of the most relevant signs of current climate alterations. Many studies have demonstrated an increase in rainfall intensity and a reduction of frequency in several areas of the world, including Mediterranean areas. Rainfall characteristics may be crucial for vegetation patterns formation and evolution in Mediterranean ecosystems, with important implications, for example, in vegetation water stress or coexistence and competition dynamics. At the same time, characteristics of extreme rainfall events are fundamental for the estimation of flood peaks and quantiles which can be used in many hydrological applications, such as design of the mos…

Ecohydrological modelling of flow duration curve in Mediterranean river basins

2013

Abstract Flow duration curve provides an important synthesis of the relevant hydrological processes occurring at the basin scale, and, although it is typically obtained from field observations, different theoretical approaches finalized to its indirect reconstruction have been developed in recent years. In this study a recent ecohydrological model for the probabilistic characterization of base flows is tested through its application to a study catchment located in southern Italy, where long historical series of daily streamflow are available. The model, coupling soil moisture balance with a simplified scheme of the hydrological response of the basin, provides the daily flow duration curve. …

Eddy covariance and sap flow measurement of energy and mass exchange of woody crops in a Mediterranean environment

2012

Evapotranspiration estimation by micrometeorological techniques through the assessment of mass and energy exchanges in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) is a very active research area, involving both well-known and novel measurement techniques. A crucial aspect in validating experimental results is the integration of independent measurements of mass and energy exchanges in the SPAC. To this aim, the development and validation of an integrated approach in major tree crop species, involving different independent techniques, are presented. Eddy covariance estimates of ET fluxes were compared to up-scaled sap flow measurements in olive, orange and grapevine, three important Mediterrane…

Las crecidas en ramblas valencianas mediterráneas

2001

This paper takes into account the characterisation of ephemeral stream hydrology from Mediterranean environments. The heavy floods that these countries suffer are due to firstly, the physical watershed features (steep slopes, scarced vegetation cover and thin soils) and, secondly, to the intense and variable rainfall. Large quantities of precipitation fall in a matter of hours, or even minutes, over very steep catchments, causing catastrophic flash-floods, with very pointed hydrographs and short time lags. Using hydrological daily data from the Rambla de la Viuda basin and five-minute data from both Barranc de Carraixet and Rambla de Poyo basins, we have analysed the rainfall- runoff proces…

Storm Energy Flux Characterization along the Mediterranean Coast of Andalusia (Spain)

2019

This paper investigates wave climate and storm characteristics along the Mediterranean coast of Andalusia, for the period 1979&ndash

Future Climate Forcings and Olive Yield in a Mediterranean Orchard

2014

The olive tree is one of the most characteristic rainfed trees in the Mediterranean region. Observed and forecasted climate modifications in this region, such as the CO2 concentration and temperature increase and the net radiation, rainfall and wind speed decrease, will likely alter vegetation water stress and modify productivity. In order to simulate how climatic change could alter soil moisture dynamic, biomass growth and fruit productivity, a water-driven crop model has been used in this study. The numerical model, previously calibrated on an olive orchard located in Sicily (Italy) with a satisfactory reproduction of historical olive yield data, has been forced with future climate scenar…

Regional-scale modeling of reference evapotranspiration: Intercomparison of two simplified temperature- and radiation-based approaches

2015

Two regionalized models for the distributed estimation of daily reference evapotranspiration, the temperature-based Hargreaves (HE) and the radiation-based Makkink (MK) equations, are applied in Southern Italy during the years 2007 and 2008. Spatially distributed meteorological inputs, such as air temperature and incoming solar radiation, were derived from geostatistical interpolation of ground data and from the Land Surface Analysis Satellite Application Facility (LSA-SAF) surface radiation product, respectively. Comparison of the latter with 83,394 daily measurements provided by 128 weather stations shows a not negligible seasonal error in daily solar radiation that is corrected by means …

Installazione di un tetto verde multistrato in un tipico ambiente urbano del sud Italia

Il verde pensile è un sistema tecnologico che prevede l’utilizzo della vegetazione come strato superiore della copertura di un edificio, impiegato sia per le sue funzioni ambientali che per le sue caratteristiche estetiche (Cascone, 2019). Infatti, la realizzazione di un tetto verde, oltre al suo intrinseco valore ecologico, consente numerosi vantaggi economici ed ambientali rispetto alle coperture tradizionali (Berardi & Ghaffarianhoseini, 2014). Nel tempo, l’interesse nei confronti dei tetti verdi è sempre più cresciuto, sia per i benefici conseguibili che rispondono a molti degli obiettivi delle diverse politiche nazionali, europee e internazionali per la mitigazione e l’adattamento …

Climate change effects on the hydrological regime of small non-perennial river basins.

2015

Recent years have been witnessing an increasing interest on global climate change and, although we are only at the first stage of the projected trends, some signals of climate alteration are already visible. Climate change encompasses modifications in the characteristics of several interrelated climate variables, and unavoidably produces relevant effects on almost all the natural processes related to the hydrological cycle. This study focuses on potential impacts of climate variations on the streamflow regime of small river basins in Mediterranean, seasonally dry, regions. The paper provides a quantitative evaluation of potential modifications in the flow duration curves (FDCs) and in the p…

Annual flow duration curves assessment in ephemeral small basins

2014

Flow duration curve (FDC) represents a comprehensive signature of temporal runoff variability often used to synthesize catchment rainfall-runoff responses. A new model, the ModABa (MODel for Annual flow duration curves assessment in ephemeral small BAsins), is here introduced. It can be thought as a wide mosaic whose tesserae are frameworks, models or conceptual schemes separately developed in different studies and harmoniously interconnected with the final aim of reproducing the annual FDC in intermittent small catchments. Two separated seasons within the hydrological year are distinguished: a dry season, characterized by absence of streamflow, and a non-zero season. Streamflow is disaggre…