Search results for "Immediate"

2019

Precise temporal and spatial regulation of gene expression in the brain is a prerequisite for cognitive processes such as learning and memory. Epigenetic mechanisms that modulate the chromatin structure have emerged as important regulators in this context. While posttranslational modification of histones or the modification of DNA bases have been examined in detail in many studies, the role of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors (ChRFs) in learning- and memory-associated gene regulation has largely remained obscure. Here we present data that implicate the highly conserved chromatin assembly and remodeling factor Chd1 in memory formation and the control of immediate early gene (IEG) r…

Cinnamon extract inhibits allergen-specific immune responses in human and murine allergy models.

2019

Background Ceylon cinnamon has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties in many diseases including allergic inflammation. Objective The aim of this study was to analyse in more detail the effects of cinnamon extract (CE) and its major compounds p-cymene and trans-cinnamaldehyde (CA) on allergen-specific immune responses in vitro and in vivo. Methods Therefore, monocyte-derived mature dendritic cells (DC) from grass or birch pollen allergic donors were pulsed with the respective allergen in the presence or absence of CE, p-cymene, CA or the solvent ethanol and co-cultured with autologous CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, basophil activation test was performed with or without CE or ethanol…

Biowaiver Monographs for Immediate Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Ribavirin

2015

Literature data relevant to the decision to allow a waiver of in vivo bioequivalence (BE) testing for the approval of immediate release solid oral dosage forms containing ribavirin are reviewed. Ribavirin is highly soluble, but its permeability characteristics are not well defined. Therefore according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System, and taking a “worst case” approach, ribavirin should be assigned to class III. As ribavirin is transported across the brush border membrane of the human jejunum by hCNT2, it shows saturable uptake in the intestine. However, no common excipients have been shown to compete for ribavirin absorption, nor have problems with BE of immediate release rib…

Does dietary salt induce autoimmunity?

2013

Two recent publications suggest that dietary salt may polarize TH17 cells and therefore increase the risk of developing autoimmune disease. Where low salt diets can readily be tested for their therapeutic effects in autoimmune disease, more work is needed to connect dietary salts with the development of immunopathology.

Liquidación de la sociedad de gananciales: el caso de la adjudicación forzosa de participaciones sociales de carácter ganancial a un solo cónyuge. Co…

2021

In a liquidation of community property, the rules for the partition of the inheritance are of suppletive application. Therefore, the sentence opts for a criterion of flexible interpretation of those rules, whose application will be subject to the objective entity of the property in question. Accordingly, when the only property to be shared between the spouses is constituted by set of shares of common nature, taking into account the special circumstances of the case, such shares could be awarded to one of the spouses with the obligation to compensate the other in money, even if it requests the sale of the shares in the public auction. To this end, the request would have to impede the possibi…

Highly protective in vivo function of cytomegalovirus IE1 epitope-specific memory CD8 T cells purified by T-cell receptor-based cell sorting.

2005

ABSTRACTReconstitution of antiviral CD8 T cells is essential for controlling cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after bone marrow transplantation. Accordingly, polyclonal CD8 T cells derived from BALB/c mice infected with murine CMV protect immunocompromised adoptive transfer recipients against CMV disease. The protective population comprises CD8 T cells with T-cell receptors (TCRs) specific for defined and for as-yet-unknown viral epitopes, as well as a majority of nonprotective cells with unrelated specificities. Defined epitopes include IE1/m123 and m164, which are immunodominant in terms of the magnitude of the CD8 T-cell response, and a panel of subordinate epitopes (m04, m18, M45, M83, a…

Reconstitution of CMV pp65 and IE-1-specific IFN-γ CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses affording protection from CMV DNAemia following allogeneic hematopo…

2011

Threshold levels of CMV-specific T-cell populations presumably affording protection from active CMV infection in allo-SCT recipients have been proposed, but lack extensive validation. We quantified CMV pp65 and immediate-early 1-specific IFN-γ CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell responses at days +30, +60 and +90 after transplantation in 133 patients, and established cutoff cell levels protecting from CMV DNAemia within the first 120 days after transplantation. No patients showing IFN-γ CD8(+) or IFN-γ CD4(+) T-cell counts1.0 and1.2 cells/μL, respectively, developed a subsequent episode of CMV DNAemia. Initial or recurrent episodes of CMV DNAemia occurred in the face of IFN-γ T-cell levels below defin…

Lack of prompt expansion of cytomegalovirus pp65 and IE-1-specific IFNγ CD8+ and CD4+ T cells is associated with rising levels of pp65 antigenemia an…

2009

Rising levels of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNAemia and/or pp65 antigenemia have been observed during pre-emptive ganciclovir therapy in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). We assessed the incidence of this event in our series, and investigated whether its occurrence was associated with an impairment in the CMV-specific T-cell response. A total of 36 allo-SCT recipients experienced one or more episodes of active CMV infection (n=68) that were pre-emptively treated with val(ganciclovir). Rising levels of antigenemia and DNAemia, and an isolated increase in antigenemia, were observed in 39.7 and 2.9% of all episodes, respectively. Receipt of corticost…

Meconium microbiota types dominated by lactic acid or enteric bacteria are differentially associated with maternal eczema and respiratory problems in…

2013

Background Culture-dependent methods have shown that meconium, the newborn's first intestinal discharge, is not sterile, but the diversity of bacteria present in this material needs to be further characterized by means of more sensitive molecular techniques. Objective Our aims were to characterize molecularly the meconium microbiota in term infants, to assess whether it contributes to the future microbiota of the infants' gastrointestinal tract, and to evaluate how it relates to lifestyle variables and atopy-related conditions. Methods We applied high-throughput pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to study the meconium microbiota in twenty term newborns from a Spanish birth cohort. For comp…

Predictability of early atopy by cord blood-IgE and parental history.

1997

Summary Background Atopic family history and cord blood IgE have been used as predictors of atopic disease in newborns for about 20 years, but at least for cord blood IgE the sensitivity has been shown to be very low. The objective of this paper was to evaluate whether parental history and cord blood-IgE were more accurate predictors for the appropriate atopic phenotypes in the infants rather than for any atopy. Methods A total of 1314 newborn infants was recruited in six German obstetric departments in 1990 and followed-up for 2 years. Four hundred and ninty-ninc (38%) were at high risk for atopy with at least two first degree atopic family members and/or elevated cord-blood IgE concentrat…