Search results for "Immune system"

showing 10 items of 2885 documents

Single administration of tripeptide α-MSH(11-13) attenuates brain damage by reduced inflammation and apoptosis after experimental traumatic brain inj…

2013

Following traumatic brain injury (TBI) neuroinflammatory processes promote neuronal cell loss. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a neuropeptide with immunomodulatory properties, which may offer neuroprotection. Due to short half-life and pigmentary side-effects of α-MSH, the C-terminal tripeptide α-MSH(11-13) may be an anti-inflammatory alternative. The present study investigated the mRNA concentrations of the precursor hormone proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and of melanocortin receptors 1 and 4 (MC1R/MC4R) in naive mice and 15 min, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after controlled cortical impact (CCI). Regulation of POMC and MC4R expression did not change after trauma, while MC1R levels incr…

Central Nervous SystemMaleendocrine systemAnatomy and PhysiologyPro-OpiomelanocortinMouseScienceAnti-Inflammatory AgentsGene ExpressionApoptosisNeurological SystemImmunomodulationMiceModel OrganismsNeurorehabilitation and TraumaAnimalsMelanocyte-Stimulating HormonesBiologyCalcium-Binding ProteinsMicrofilament ProteinsQRBrainAnimal ModelsPeptide FragmentsMice Inbred C57BLHead InjuryNeurologyImmune SystemBrain InjuriesNervous System ComponentsCytokinesReceptor Melanocortin Type 4MedicineClinical ImmunologyMicrogliaInflammation MediatorsReceptor Melanocortin Type 1hormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonistsResearch ArticleNervous System PhysiologyPLoS ONE
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Skull and vertebral bone marrow are myeloid cell reservoirs for the meninges and CNS parenchyma.

2021

Getting around the blood–brain barrier The meninges comprise three membranes that surround and protect the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies have noted the existence of myeloid cells resident there, but little is known about their ontogeny and function, and whether other meningeal immune cell populations have important roles remains unclear (see the Perspective by Nguyen and Kubes). Cugurra et al. found in mice that a large proportion of continuously replenished myeloid cells in the dura mater are not blood derived, but rather transit from cranial bone marrow through specialized channels. In models of CNS injury and neuroinflammation, the authors demonstrated that these myeloid c…

Central Nervous SystemPathologymedicine.medical_specialtyMyeloidEncephalomyelitis Autoimmune ExperimentalNeutrophilsCentral nervous systemBone Marrow CellsBiologyArticleMonocytesMiceImmune systemMeningesBone MarrowCell MovementCentral Nervous System DiseasesParenchymamedicineAnimalsHomeostasisMyeloid CellsNeuroinflammationSpinal Cord InjuriesMultidisciplinaryInnate immune systemSkullMeningesBrainSpinemedicine.anatomical_structureSpinal CordBone marrowDura MaterScience (New York, N.Y.)
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A critical role for the cholesterol-associated proteolipids PLP and M6B in myelination of the central nervous system.

2012

The formation of central nervous system myelin by oligodendrocytes requires sterol synthesis and is associated with a significant enrichment of cholesterol in the myelin membrane. However, it is unknown how oligodendrocytes concentrate cholesterol above the level found in nonmyelin membranes. Here, we demonstrate a critical role for proteolipids in cholesterol accumulation. Mice lacking the most abundant myelin protein, proteolipid protein (PLP), are fully myelinated, but PLP-deficient myelin exhibits a reduced cholesterol content. We therefore hypothesized that "high cholesterol" is not essential in the myelin sheath itself but is required for an earlier step of myelin biogenesis that is f…

Central Nervous SystemProteolipid protein 1Nerve Tissue ProteinsBiologyCell Line03 medical and health sciencesCellular and Molecular Neurosciencechemistry.chemical_compoundMyelinMice0302 clinical medicineimmune system diseasesmedicineEvoked Potentials Auditory Brain StemAnimalsMyelin Proteolipid ProteinMyelin Sheath030304 developmental biology0303 health sciencesMembrane GlycoproteinsCholesterolProteolipidsLeukodystrophyPelizaeus–Merzbacher diseasemedicine.diseaseOligodendrocytenervous system diseasesMyelin proteolipid proteinmedicine.anatomical_structureCholesterolnervous systemNeurologychemistryBiochemistryEvoked Potentials Visuallipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Vomeronasal Organ030217 neurology & neurosurgeryGlia
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Exacerbated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mast-cell-deficient KitW-sh/W-sh mice

2011

Mast cell (MC)-deficient c-Kit mutant Kit(W/W-v) mice are protected against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis, suggesting a detrimental role for MCs in this disease. To further investigate the role of MCs in EAE, we took advantage of a recently characterized model of MC deficiency, Kit(W-sh/W-sh). Surprisingly, we observed that myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)(35-55)-induced chronic EAE was exacerbated in Kit(W-sh/W-sh) compared with Kit(+/+) mice. Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice showed more inflammatory foci in the central nervous system (CNS) and increased T-cell response against myelin. To understand whether the discrepant results obtaine…

Central Nervous SystemT-LymphocytesEncephalomyelitisexperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitismast cellsInbred C57BLSeverity of Illness IndeximmunologyMiceMyelinPeptide Fragmentimmune system diseasesMast CellEncephalomyelitisMyelin SheathbiologyExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisMast cellProto-Oncogene Proteins c-kitPhenotypemedicine.anatomical_structuremastcell-deficient miceBone Marrow Cellgenetics/immunology/pathology/prevention /&/ controlc-kit mutationsc-kit mutations; experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; granulocytes; mast cellsEncephalomyelitis Autoimmune ExperimentalCentral nervous systemBone Marrow CellsPathology and Forensic MedicineMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinExperimentalAnimals Antibody Formation Bone Marrow Cells; pathology Central Nervous System; pathology Encephalomyelitis; Autoimmune; Experimental; genetics/immunology/pathology/prevention /&/ control Glycoproteins; immunology Granulocytes; pathology Immunization Mast Cells; pathology Mice Mice; Inbred C57BL Mutation Myelin Sheath; immunology Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Peptide Fragments; immunology Phenotype Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; deficiency/genetics/metabolism Severity of Illness Index T-Lymphocytes; pathologyAntigendeficiency/genetics/metabolismmedicineAnimalsMolecular BiologyGlycoproteinsAnimalMultiple sclerosismast-cell-deficient Kit W-sh/W-sh mice.Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; mast-cell-deficient Kit W-sh/W-sh mice.GranulocytegranulocytesCell Biologymedicine.diseaseEncephalomyelitiExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitiPeptide FragmentsMice Inbred C57BLT-LymphocyteAntibody FormationMutationImmunologybiology.proteinexperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; mastcell-deficient mice; mast cellspathologyImmunizationMyelin-Oligodendrocyte GlycoproteinGlycoproteinAutoimmuneLaboratory Investigation
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Chances in the Brain Cells, From Epigenetic To the Future

2014

Copyright: © 2014 Valles SL. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Both oxidative damage and inflammation are elevated in brain from neurodegenerative patients [1], but their pathogenic significance remains unclear. Central nervous system has its own resident immune system, in which glial cells not only serve such as supportive and nutritive roles for neuron cells, also engage in several inflammatory processes that defend the central nervous system from pathogens and help it to recover from stres…

Central nervous systemEpiphenomenonInflammationBiologyBioinformaticsmedicine.disease_causemedicine.anatomical_structureImmune systemBystander effectmedicineEpigeneticsNeuronmedicine.symptomNeuroscienceOxidative stressGene Technology
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P33 Up-regulation of FOXP3 T regulatory lymphocytes in patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions correlated with HPV infection

2019

Introduction/Background Regulatory (FOXP3+) T cells (Tregs) comprise a subpopulation of CD4+ T cells that suppress autoreactive immune cells, thereby protecting organs and tissues from autoimmunity. Novel therapeutic strategies for cervical cancer and squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) focus on immune-modulatory and cancer vaccination approaches. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of T regulatory cells (Tregs), CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes and HPV status in low and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL and HSIL). Methodology 62 patients were enrolled in the study in Riga East University Hospital. Each patient had undergone a biopsy or electroexcision of the cervix. T…

Cervical cancermedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryHPV infectionFOXP3medicine.diseaseKoilocyteImmune systemmedicine.anatomical_structureImmunologyBiopsymedicinebusinessCervixCD8Poster exhibition Day 1
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Nanoparticles and the immune system: challenges and opportunities

2016

Chemistrymedicine.medical_treatmentBiomedical EngineeringMedicine (miscellaneous)Bioengineering02 engineering and technologyDevelopment010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciences0104 chemical sciencesImmune toleranceImmune systemCancer immunotherapyImmune SystemNeoplasmsImmunologyImmune TolerancemedicineNanoparticlesGeneral Materials ScienceImmunotherapy0210 nano-technologyNanomedicine
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Nanomedicine for immunotherapy

2016

Chemistrymedicine.medical_treatmentBiomedical EngineeringMedicine (miscellaneous)Bioengineering02 engineering and technologyImmunotherapyDevelopment010402 general chemistry021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciences0104 chemical sciencesImmune systemImmunologymedicineNanomedicineGeneral Materials Science0210 nano-technologyNanomedicine
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Inorganic Nanoparticle as a Carrier for Hepatitis B Viral Capsids

2011

Virus like particles (VLP) are used to transport immune response-modulating agents to target cells to treat them. In order to deliver a high concentration of VLP to the cell, a number of VLP can be attached to a nanoparticle to be used as a nanolorry. In this study, SiO2 nanoparticles were attached to Hepatitis B VLP. Spectrophotometry measurements, electron, and fluorescent microscopy evidence showed that the SiO2 – Hepatitis B VLP complexes were formed.

Chemistryvirusesvirus diseasesNanoparticleHepatitis Bmedicine.diseasecomplex mixturesVirologyVirusImmune systemCapsidSio2 nanoparticlesmedicineFluorescence microscopeHepatitis b viral
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Monocytes/Macrophages Are the Major Targets of the CCL3 Chemokine Produced by CD38(+)CD49d(+) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells

2009

Abstract Abstract 2350 Poster Board II-327 Introduction: CD38 and CD49d are associated negative prognosticators in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Recent gene expression profiling studies comparing CLL cases expressing low versus high levels of CD38 and CD49d, identified CCL3 as a gene upregulated by CD38+CD49d+ CLL. The release of CCL3 by cultured CLL cells was also demonstrated upon CD38 triggering, and CCL3 protein was found in CLL cells from bone marrow biopsies (BMB) of CD38+ cases (Zucchetto et al., Cancer Res, 2009; 69:4001-9). Given the role of CCL3 as potent chemoattractant for different cell types, we aimed at identifying the major targets of CCL3, as produced by CD38+CD49d+ C…

ChemokineCD68medicine.medical_treatmentChronic lymphocytic leukemiaCD3MonocyteImmunologyhemic and immune systemsCell BiologyHematologyBiologyCD38medicine.diseaseBiochemistryCytokinemedicine.anatomical_structureimmune system diseaseshemic and lymphatic diseasesCancer researchmedicinebiology.proteinTumor necrosis factor alpha
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