Search results for "Immune system"
showing 10 items of 2885 documents
Persistence of Human Bocavirus 1 in Tonsillar Germinal Centers and Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Infection
2021
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1), a common pediatric respiratory pathogen, can persist in airway secretions for months hampering diagnosis. It also persists in tonsils, providing potential reservoirs for airway shedding, with the exact location, host cell types, and virus activity unknown.
Lipid A in Cancer Therapies Preclinical Results
2009
Studies in animal models showed that the antitumoral effect of LPS and of their biologically active moiety, lipid A, is indirect and relies on the induction of an immune response both innate and specific, leading to cytokine production. They also affect tumor development by inhibiting tumor blood flow and induce necrosis as well as apoptosis of tumor cells. Lipids A have been tested in animals, either alone or as adjuvant in therapeutic vaccines. The efficacy of treatments depends on the type of molecule and on the protocol. In general, increased survival was obtained, accompanied in some cases by tumor regression and cure.
IL-10 Controls Ultraviolet-Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice
2007
Abstract UV radiation-induced immunosuppression contributes significantly to the development of UV-induced skin cancer by inhibiting protective immune responses. IL-10 has been shown to be a key mediator of UV-induced immunosuppression. To investigate the role of IL-10 during photocarcinogenesis, groups of IL-10+/+, IL-10+/−, and IL-10−/− mice were chronically irradiated with UV. IL-10+/+ and IL-10+/− mice developed skin cancer to similar extents, whereas IL-10−/− mice were protected against the induction of skin malignancies by UV. Because UV is able to induce regulatory T cells, which play a role in the suppression of protective immunity, UV-induced regulatory T cell function was analyzed…
The role of glia, mitochondria, and the immune system in glaucoma.
2009
Author(s): Tezel, Gulgun; Fourth ARVO/Pfizer Ophthalmics Research Institute Conference Working Group
Autoantibodies in complex regional pain syndrome bind to a differentiation-dependent neuronal surface autoantigen.
2009
Complex regional pain syndrome, which is characterised by pain and trophic disturbances, develops frequently after peripheral limb trauma. There is an increasing evidence of an involvement of the immune system in CRPS, and recently we showed that CRPS patients have autoantibodies against nervous system structures. Therefore we tested the sera of CRPS patients, neuropathy patients and healthy volunteers for surface-binding autoantibodies to primary cultures of autonomic neurons and differentiated neuroblastoma cell lines using flow cytometry. Thirteen of 30 CRPS patients, but none of 30 healthy controls and only one of the 20 neuropathy sera had specific surface binding to autonomic neurons …
Neurons as targets for T cells in the nervous system
2013
International audience; Accumulating evidence shows that T cells penetrate the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma in several autoimmune, infectious, and degenerative neurological diseases. The structural and functional consequences for CNS neurons of their encounter with activated T cells have been investigated in several experimental systems, including ex vivo co-cultures, electrophysiology, and in vivo imaging. Here, we review the modalities of neuron/T cell interactions. We substantiate the contention that T cells are directly responsible for neuronal damage in a large number of neurological diseases and discuss mechanisms of neuronal damage mediated by distinct T cell subsets, the …
p75NTRin the spleen: Age-dependent changes, effect of NGF and 4-methylcatechol treatment, and structural changes in p75NTR-deficient mice
2003
In addition to their well-known actions within the nervous system, neurotrophins and their receptors are involved in immune system functioning, as demonstrated by their wide distribution in lymphoid tissues and their in vitro actions on immunocompetent cells. Nevertheless, the in vivo roles of neurotrophin-receptor systems in lymphoid tissues, as well as the scope of their influence throughout development and adulthood, are yet to be clarified. In the present study, we used combined morphological and immunohistochemical techniques to investigate the presence and cellular localization of p75NTR, the pan-neurotrophin receptor protein, in rat spleen from newborns to aging individuals, and the …
Molecular Anatomical Basis of Interactions between Nervous and Immune Systems in Health and Disease
1999
Traditionally, the nervous and immune systems have been regarded to function largely independently of each other. Interdisciplinary investigations of the recent past, however, have demonstrated that the nervous and immune systems have close functional interrelationships at several nodal intersections (Ader & Cohen, 1993; Besedovsky & del Rey, 1996b; Felten & Felten, 1994; Ottaway & Husband, 1994; Weihe, Nohr, Michel, Muller, Zentel, Fink, & Krekel, 1991a). Transmitters of the nervous system act on immune cells and messengers of the immune system influence the nervous system. Typical neuronal messengers appear to be synthesized in immune cells, and typical immune cell messengers appear to be…
Multiple sclerosis – candidate mechanisms underlying CNS atrophy
2009
Recently it has become clear that the neuronal compartment plays a more important role than previously thought in the pathology of multiple sclerosis. Apart from demyelination, neuronal pathology is apparently largely responsible for the brain atrophy that can be observed early on and throughout the course of the disease. The loss of axons and their neurons in the course of chronic neuroinflammation is a major factor determining long-term disability in patients. The actual steps leading from immune attack against the myelin sheath to neuronal damage are not yet fully clear. Here we review key findings about direct axonal damage processes, demyelination-related neuronal pathology and cell-bo…
IL-17 promotes progression of cutaneous leishmaniasis in susceptible mice.
2009
Abstract Resistance to leishmaniasis in C57BL/6 mice depends on Th1/Tc1 cells. BALB/c mice preferentially develop Th2 immunity and succumb to infection. We now assessed the role of IL-17 in cutaneous leishmaniasis. During the course of Leishmania major infection, BALB/c CD4 cells and neutrophils produced increased amounts of IL-17 as compared with cells from C57BL/6 mice. This increase was associated with significantly increased IL-23 release from L. major-infected BALB/c dendritic cells (DC), whereas IL-6 and TGF-β1 production by BALB/c and C57BL/6 DC were comparable. Interestingly, lesion sizes in infected IL-17-deficient BALB/c mice were dramatically smaller and failed to progress as com…