Search results for "Immune system"

Efficacy of Rituximab Combined in Salvage- and High Dose-Therapy (HDT) for Patients with Relapsed NHL; Interim Analysis of a Multicenter Phase II Stu…

2004

Abstract The introduction of Rituximab (R) in the treatment of B-NHL resulted in improvement in first line therapies for indolent (ind.) and aggressive (agg.) B-NHL. However, the value of R in intensive chemotherapy relapse strategies has not definitely been demonstrated. In a phase I/II clinical trial we have demonstrated safety of R as an in vivo purging agens in salvage and high dose therapy for relapsed/refractory B-NHL. This led, with promising response rates, to the initiation of a multicenter phase II trial to further prove therapeutic efficacy. Inclusion criteria were: Pt < 65 years, ECOG < 3, relapse or progression for patients with ind. NHL and induction failure or relapse f…

Immune checkpoint inhibitors: a milestone in the treatment of melanoma

2016

Summary It has been known for decades that the immune system is able to detect and destroy tumor cells. In the past, this knowledge – mostly acquired through animal experiments – could not be used to benefit our patients, because immuno-oncological therapeutic approaches in humans had constantly failed over recent decades. With the exception of adjuvant interferon therapy, none of these approaches had found its way into everyday clinical practice, and only very few patients were able to enjoy long-term survival associated with good quality of life. With the advent of novel immunological approaches, the meaning of long-term survival as well as quality of life has been redefined for oncologic…

Evaluation of atezolizumab immunogenicity: Efficacy and safety (Part 2).

2022

Abstract Antibody therapeutics can be associated with unwanted immune responses resulting in the development of anti‐drug antibodies (ADA). Optimal methods to evaluate the potential effects of ADA on clinical outcomes in oncology are not well established. In this study, we assessed efficacy and safety, based on ADA status, in patients from over 10 clinical trials that evaluated the immune checkpoint inhibitor atezolizumab as a single agent or as combination therapy for several types of advanced cancers. ADA can only be observed post randomization, and imbalances in baseline prognostic factors can confound the interpretation of ADA impact. We applied methodology to account for the confoundin…

Rituximab plus chemotherapy provides no clinical benefit in a peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified with aberrant expression of CD20 and…

2020

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) is the most common entity of mature T-cell neoplasms. PTCL-NOS generally has an aggressive behavior and is often refractory to standard therapy. Only a few cases of PTCL with aberrant expression of B-cell antigens have been reported so far. This phenotypic aberrancy may lead to misdiagnosis as B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas and eventual inappropriate patient management, whereas in an accurately diagnosed PTCL, the presence of CD20 may appear as an appealing therapeutic target. In this setting, response to anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody in combination with chemotherapy has been poorly explored. We describe the case of a 59-year-old …

Does Longer Leukocyte Telomere Length and Higher Physical Fitness Protect Master Athletes From Consequences of Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Infection?

2020

Fetal Calf Serum-Free Generation of Functionally Active Murine Dendritic Cells Suitable for In Vivo Therapeutic Approaches

2000

Standard protocols to generate mouse dendritic cells (DC) generally use culture medium supplemented with fetal calf serum; however, reinjection in vivo of DC cultured in fetal calf serum results in priming to xenogeneic proteins that clearly limits the use of such DC. We therefore established a fetal calf serum-free culture system for the generation of murine DC from bone marrow precursors. DC can be generated fetal calf serum-free using RPMI supplemented with 1.5% syngeneic mouse serum. Although the yield of DC grown under fetal calf serum-free conditions was somewhat lower than that of the standard culture, large numbers of DC could be generated without the exposure to xenogeneic proteins…

Signals involved in the early TH1/TH2 polarization of an immune response depending on the type of antigen.

1999

Abstract Background: The early production of distinct cytokines by epidermal cells (ECs) in response to antigen exposure may govern the development of T H1 -like immune responses, such as contact sensitivity, or T H2 -like immune responses, such as IgE-dependent allergies of the immediate type, depending on the type of antigen. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the signals induced by protein allergens with those induced by haptens in ECs and subsequently in local draining lymph node cells (LNCs) or splenocytes. Methods: BALB/c mice were primed in vivo with the protein allergens ovalbumin or birch pollen or the haptens 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene or trinitrochlorbenzene, respectiv…

Prognostic Role of Plasma PD-1, PD-L1, pan-BTN3As and BTN3A1 in Patients Affected by Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Can Immune Checkpoin…

2021

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) represent 1% of all primary gastrointestinal tumors. Immune surveillance is often overcome by cancer cells due to the activation of immunoregulatory molecules such as programmed death protein (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1, and butyrophilin sub-family 3A/CD277 receptors (BTN3A). Because several studies demonstrated that tumor PD-1 and PD-L1 expression may have a prominent prognostic function, this investigation aimed to discover if soluble forms of these molecules may be useful in predicting survival of metastatic GIST (mGIST) patients. Through specific ad hoc developed ELISA assays not yet available on the market, the circulating PD-1, PD-L1, BTN3A1, an…

Role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with solid tumors: Can a drop dig a stone?

2019

International audience; In recent years, multiple strategies for eliciting anti-tumor immunity have been developed in different clinical studies. Currently, immunotherapy was clinically validated as effective treatment option for many tumors such as melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Some surface receptors of immune cells, called immune checkpoint receptors, may inhibit activity of proinflammatory lymphocytes, following binding with specific ligands. Cancer cells exploit these mechanisms to inactivate tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to escape from immunosurveillance. Among the different tumor-infiltrating immune cell populations, including leu…

PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoints and Resveratrol: A Controversial New Way for a Therapeutic Strategy

2021

Simple Summary Over the last decade, immunotherapies using antibodies targeting the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) checkpoint or its ligand, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies against cancer. However, some current limitations include a relatively low rate of “responders”, the high cost of the treatment, and a rare risk of hyper-progression. Currently, the main challenge is, therefore, to improve these therapies, for instance, by using combined approaches. Here, we summarize the accumulating evidence that resveratrol (RSV) plays a role in the modulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in cancer cells, suggesting the potential of therapeutic strategies …