Search results for "Immunity"

Immunologic Effects of Interferon

1990

Interferons can be defined as a family of induced proteins sharing the capacity to exert pleiotropic effects on cell functions and to render cells resistant to virus infection. They are activating genes coding for a number of enzymes, most of which have not yet been characterized, and also by enhancing the synthesis of cell surface components. This enables interferons to modulate the immune response at different levels. This article will focus on the effects of interferon on antigen presentation, regulation of the immune response, activation of macrophage functions, and on its role in the pathogenesis of some diseases.

Influence of Nutritional Status and Physical Exercise on Immune Response in Metabolic Syndrome

2022

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic alterations mostly related to visceral adiposity, which in turn promotes glucose intolerance and a chronic systemic inflammatory state, characterized by immune cell infiltration. Such immune system activation increases the risk of severe disease subsequent to viral infections. Strong correlations between elevated body mass index (BMI), type-2-diabetes and increased risk of hospitalization after pandemic influenza H1N1 infection have been described. Similarly, a correlation between elevated blood glucose level and SARS-CoV-2 infection severity and mortality has been described, indicating MetS as an important predictor of clinical outcomes i…

Invertebrate Models in Innate Immunity and Tissue Remodeling Research

2022

The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the close functional and highly conserved link between innate immunity, homeostasis maintenance, inflammation, tissue remodeling and regeneration [...]

Hsp60 chaperonopathies and chaperonotherapy: targets and agents

2014

Hsp60 (Cpn60) assembles into a tetradecamer that interacts with the co-chaperonin Hsp10 (Cpn10) to assist client polypeptides to fold, but it also has other roles, including participation in pathogenic mechanisms.Hsp60 chaperonopathies are pathological conditions, inherited or acquired, in which the chaperone plays a determinant etiologic-pathogenic role. These diseases justify selection of Hsp60 as a target for developing agents that interfere with its pathogenic effects. We provide information on how to proceed.The information available encourages the development of ways to improve Hsp60 activity (positive chaperonotherapy) when deficient or to block it (negative chaperonotherapy) when pa…

The Role of Immunosenescence in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Review.

2022

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is one of the most important causes of vascular dementia. Immunosenescence and inflammatory response, with the involvement of the cerebrovascular system, constitute the basis of this disease. Immunosenescence identifies a condition of deterioration of the immune organs and consequent dysregulation of the immune response caused by cellular senescence, which exposes older adults to a greater vulnerability. A low-grade chronic inflammation status also accompanies it without overt infections, an “inflammaging” condition. The correlation between immunosenescence and inflammaging is fundamental in understanding the pathogenesis of age-related CSVD (ArCSVD). Th…

Possible role for IL-40 and IL-40-producing cells in the lymphocytic infiltrated salivary glands of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome

2023

ObjectivesAim of this study was to investigate the expression of interleukin (IL)-40, a new cytokine associated with B cells homoeostasis and immune response, in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) and in pSS-associated lymphomas.Methods29 patients with pSS and 24 controls were enrolled. Minor salivary gland (MSG) biopsies from patients, controls and parotid gland biopsies from pSS-associated lymphoma were obtained. Quantitative gene expression analysis by TaqMan real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry for IL-40 were performed on MSG. MSG cellular sources of IL-40 were determined by flow-cytometry and immunofluorescence. Serum concentration of IL-40 was assessed by ELISA and cellular sources of I…

Inflammation and Inflammatory Cell Recruitment in Acute Cerebrovascular Diseases

2015

Inflammation seems to play a major role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke as well as in other forms of brain damage. Ischemic brain injury induces a strong inflammatory response that begins in the microcirculation and involves several cell types and molecules, leading to neuronal death. The immune system is actively involved in the pathogenesis of acute brain damage through a set of events that include leukocyte and monocyte infiltration into the brain, activation of resident cells, including microglia, astrocytes and endothelial cells, and the elevated production of several inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines, that together play a complex role in the pathophysiology of ischemic …

IS LA-PROTEIN INVOLVED IN AUTOIMMUNIZATION AND INFLAMMATORY EVENTS DURING DISEASE - CHARACTERIZATION OF LA-PROTEIN AS AN UNWINDING ENZYME

1990

Cell immunity in Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

2015

Numerous researches have detected immune cellular elements in coronary lesions of atherosclerotic origin in human and animal models, and these cells are suspected of contributing to plaque instability. Patients affected by acute coronary syndrome present high levels of pro-inflammatory molecules, as shown in numerous studies. This finding implies similarity between CAD and well-known immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Due to incongruent findings, this “infection hypothesis” cannot be rejected, thus further research is needed to better understand the relationship between pathogen-induced chronic inflammatory response, with its pathogenic mechanisms, and the atherosclerotic process. Sever…

A Role for NFAT in Innate Immunity: Neutrophil Effector Functions in Patients after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Under Cyclospo…

2014

Abstract Background and Aims: Patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) suffer from immunodeficiency, in part due to long-term immunosuppressive medication e.g. by calcineurin inhibitors like cyclosporine A (CsA). Additionally, these patients have an increased risk for opportunistic fungal infections like invasive aspergillosis (IA). The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is known as an important transcription factor in signaling-pathways downstream of calcineurin in the adaptive immune systems, e.g. in T cells, but also plays an important role in innate immune response as indicated by recent data in rodent models. These studies showed a relevant impac…