Search results for "Immunization"

Efficacy of a genetically engineered Candida albicans tet-NRG1 strain as an experimental live attenuated vaccine against hematogenously disseminated …

2009

ABSTRACT We report on the efficacy of the genetically engineered Candida albicans tet-NRG1 strain as an experimental live, attenuated vaccine against disseminated candidiasis in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice mostly dependent on T-cell immunity. This experimental vaccination model may represent an important tool to unravel the mechanisms of protective immunity during candidiasis.

Haemophilus influenzae type b disease: impact and effectiveness of diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis (-inactivated poliovirus)/H. influe…

2001

Background. Since 1996 in Germany primary infant immunization against Haemophilus influenzae has been most commonly given in the form of diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis/H. influenzae type b (DTaP/Hib) or diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis (-inactivated poliovirus)/H. influenzae type b (DTaP-IPV/Hib) combination vaccines. These combination vaccines elicit lower anti-Hib antibody concentrations than the equivalent Hib conjugate administered as a separate injection, but the clinical relevance of this phenomenon is unknown. Methods and findings. To assess the impact of DTaP/Hib combination vaccines on the incidence of invasive Hib disease in Germany, two independent s…

Trimeric HIV Env provides epitope occlusion mediated by hypervariable loops

2014

AbstractHypervariable loops of HIV-1 Env protein gp120 are speculated to play roles in the conformational transition of Env to the receptor binding-induced metastable state. Structural analysis of full-length Env-based immunogens, containing the entire V2 loop, displayed tighter association between gp120 subunits, resulting in a smaller trimeric diameter than constructs lacking V2. A prominent basal quaternary location of V2 and V3′ that challenges previous reports would facilitate gp41-independent gp120-gp120 interactions and suggests a quaternary mechanism of epitope occlusion facilitated by hypervariable loops. Deletion of V2 resulted in dramatic exposure of basal, membrane-proximal gp41…

A molecular assembly system that renders antigens of choice highly repetitive for induction of protective B cell responses.

2002

Virus like particles (VLPs) are known to induce potent B cell responses in the absence of adjuvants. Moreover, epitope-specific antibody responses may be induced by VLPs that contain peptides inserted in their immunodominant regions. However, due to steric problems, the size of the peptides capable of being incorporated into VLPs while still permitting capsid assembly, is rather limited. While peptides genetically fused to either the N- or C-terminus of VLPs present fewer assembly problems, the immune responses obtained against such epitopes are often limited, most likely because the epitopes are not optimally exposed. In addition, such particles may be less stable in vivo. Here, we show th…

Regulatory T Cells and IL-10 Independently Counterregulate Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses Induced by Transcutaneous Immunization

2011

Background: The imidazoquinoline derivate imiquimod induces inflammatory responses and protection against transplanted tumors when applied to the skin in combination with a cognate peptide epitope (transcutaneous immunization, TCI). Here we investigated the role of regulatory T cells (Treg) and the suppressive cytokine IL-10 in restricting TCI-induced cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Methodology/Principal Findings: TCI was performed with an ointment containing the TLR7 agonist imiquimod and a CTL epitope was applied to the depilated back skin of C57BL/6 mice. Using specific antibodies and FoxP3-diphteria toxin receptor transgenic (DEREG) mice, we interrogated inhibiting factors after…

Unraveling the T-B tangle in anti-CD20 multiple sclerosis therapy.

2019

Significance Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. CD8+ T cells have been strongly implicated in MS pathogenesis, but it is unclear whether myelin is a CD8+ T cell autoantigenic target in MS. This study demonstrated that while myelin-specific CD8+ T cells are present at similar frequencies in untreated MS patients and healthy subjects, the proportion of memory and CD20-expressing myelin-specific CD8+ T cells was increased in MS patients, suggesting prior antigen encounter. This activated phenotype was reversible as the memory and CD20-expressing populations of certain myelin-specific CD8+ T cells were reduced following anti-CD20 trea…

Withdrawal of a mumps vaccine.

1994

Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate transfer of cytoplasmic neutrophil antigens to myeloid dendritic cells toward ANCA induction and associated au…

2012

AbstractAntineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) target proteins normally retained within neutrophils, indicating that cell death is involved in the autoimmunity process. Still, ANCA pathogenesis remains obscure. ANCAs activate neutrophils inducing their respiratory burst and a peculiar form of cell death, named NETosis, characterized by formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), decondensed chromatin threads decorated with cytoplasmic proteins endorsed with antimicrobial activity. NETs have been consistently detected in ANCA-associated small-vessel vasculitis, and this association prompted us to test whether the peculiar structure of NET favors neutrophil proteins uploading i…

Preparation of hepatitis C virus structural and non-structural protein fragments and studies of their immunogenicity

2006

Abstract Plasmids pQE-60 and pQE-30 containing 6× His-tag sequence were used for expression of fragments of HCV structural and non-structural proteins in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The following fragments were used: core (1–98 aa), NS3 (202–482 aa), and tetramer of hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of E2 protein. The constructed plasmids directed high levels of expression of HCV proteins in E. coli JM109. After purification by the metal-affinity chromatography on nickel–nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni–NTA) agarose, the His-tagged HCV proteins were used for immunization of BALB/c mice. All three proteins were able to induce high levels of specific antibodies and, in the case of the NS3 and HVR1 tetra…

Immunotherapy of Metastasizing Renal Cell Carcinoma

1989

119 patients with stage-IV renal cell carcinoma were treated using immunotherapy with autologous tumor vaccine. The immunization was carried out at monthly intervals, the patients were restaged every