Search results for "Immunologic"

γδ T cell-based anticancer immunotherapy: Progress and possibilities

2015

Comparative Antitumor Effect of Preventive versus Therapeutic Vaccines Employing B16 Melanoma Cells Genetically Modified to Express GM-CSF and B7.2 i…

2012

Cancer vaccines have always been a subject of gene therapy research. One of the most successful approaches has been working with genetically modified tumor cells. In this study, we describe our approach to achieving an immune response against a murine melanoma model, employing B16 tumor cells expressing GM-CSF and B7.2. Wild B16 cells were injected in C57BL6 mice to cause the tumor. Irradiated B16 cells transfected with GM-CSF, B7.2, or both, were processed as a preventive and therapeutic vaccination. Tumor volumes were measured and survival curves were obtained. Blood samples were taken from mice, and IgGs of each treatment group were also measured. The regulatory T cells (Treg) o…

The sequence alteration associated with a mutational hotspot in p53 protects cells from lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for a flanking pept…

1998

A high proportion of tumors arise due to mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. A p53 hotspot mutation at amino acid position 273 from R to H, flanking a peptide epitope that spans residues 264–272, renders cells resistant to killing by human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0201–restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific for this epitope. Acquisition of the R to H mutation at residue 273 of the human p53 protein promotes tumor growth in vivo by selective escape from recognition by p53.264–272 peptide-specific CTLs. Synthetic 27-mer p53 polypeptides covering the antigenic nonamer region 264–272 of p53 were used as proteasome substrates to investigate whether the R…

Anti H-2Dd alloreactivity mediated by herpes-simplex-virus specific cytotoxic H-2k T lymphocytes is associated with H-2Dk.

1980

Herpes-simplex-virus (HSV) specific, H-2k-restricted, immune cytotoxic T lymphocytes also lyse noninfected H-2d target cells. Genetic mapping studies revealed that HSV-specific Dk-restricted CTL cross-react with allogeneic targets expressing Dd alloantigens. Cold target inhibition experiments indicate that only a minority of HSV-specific CTL mediate cross-reactive cytolysis. The data give an example of where the phenomenon of H-2-restricted versus nonrestricted responsiveness is not due to distinct subsets of T cells but solely depends on the antigenic determinants recognized.

Influenza virus-specific T cell-mediated cytotoxicity: integration of the virus antigen into the target cell membrane is essential for target cell fo…

1979

This study deals with the requirements for target cell recognition by influenza A virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). H-2-identical cells were incubated with infectious or UV light-inactivated influenza A virus expressing either cleaved or uncleaved hemagglutinin (HA). Thereafter, the treated cells were tested in a 4-h 51Cr assay for susceptibility to CTL-mediated cytolysis. Regardless whether the influenza virus was infectious, virions expressing cleaved HA were efficient in target cell formation. In contrast, cells incubated with either active or UV-inactivated virions expressing uncleaved HA were not lysed by virus-specific CTL. Yet, after mere trypsin-mediated cleavage of the …

A novel member of an ancient superfamily: sponge (Geodia cydonium, Porifera) putative protein that features scavenger receptor cysteine-rich repeats

1997

Proteins featuring scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains are prominent receptors known from vertebrates and from one phylum of invertebrates, the echinoderms. In the present study we report the first putative SRCR protein from the marine sponge Geodia cydonium (Porifera), a member of the lowest phylum of contemporary Metazoans. Two forms of SRCR molecules were characterized, which apparently represent alternative splicing of the same transcript. The long putative SRCR protein, of 1536 aa, features twelve SRCR repeats, a C-terminal transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tail. The sequence of the short form is identical with the long form except that it lacks a coding region near th…

Cloning and expression of new receptors belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily from the marine sponge Geodia cydonium

1999

A cDNA encoding a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) was previously cloned and expressed from the marine sponge (Porifera) Geodia cydonium. In addition to the two intracellular regions characteristic for RTKs, two immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains are found in the extracellular part of the sponge RTK. In the present study it is shown that no further Ig-like domain is present in the upstream region of the cDNA as well as of the gene hitherto known from the sponge RTK. Two different full-length cDNAs have been isolated and characterized in the present study, which possess two Ig-like domains, one transmembrane segment, and only a short intracellular part, without a TK domain. The two deduced polyp…

Knowledge of the literature is crucial for meta-analyses

2014

Glycoconjugate vaccines and immune interactions, and implications for vaccination schedules.

2011

Conjugate vaccines using diphtheria toxoid variant (CRM(197)), diphtheria toxoid and tetanus toxoid (TT) as carrier protein may induce immune interactions (interference or impairment as measured by lower antibody levels, or enhancement [higher antibody levels]) when coadministered with other vaccines. Immune enhancement occurs when two TT conjugates are coadministered. CRM(197) conjugate vaccines induce immune bystander interference when given with diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccines, which reduces responses to coadministered Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine conjugated to TT. These bystander effects are greater as the amount of CRM(197) administered increases. When large am…

Influenza control in the 21st century: Optimizing protection of older adults

2009

Older adults (> or =65 years of age) are particularly vulnerable to influenza illness. This is due to a waning immune system that reduces their ability to respond to infection, which leads to more severe cases of disease. The majority ( approximately 90%) of influenza-related deaths occur in older adults and, in addition, catastrophic disability resulting from influenza-related hospitalization represents a significant burden in this vulnerable population. Current influenza vaccines provide benefits for older adults against influenza; however, vaccine effectiveness is lower than in younger adults. In addition, antigenic drift is also a concern, as it can impact on vaccine effectiveness due t…