Search results for "InVEST"

Measuring ‘indirect’ investments in ICT in OECD countries

2019

International audience; ICT components, such as microprocessors, may be embodied in other capital goods not recorded as ICT in National Accounts. We name ‘indirect ICT investment’ the value of embodied ICT components in non-ICT investment. The paper provides estimates of ‘indirect ICT investment’ based on detailed and unpublished Supply-Use tables (SUT) in 12 OECD countries: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Japan, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States.Our main finding is that ICT investment appears significantly higher when considering its indirect component, the average increase being about 35%. The inclusion of i…

Straw mulch as a sustainable solution to decrease runoff and erosion in glyphosate-treated clementine plantations in Eastern Spain. An assessment usi…

2019

[EN] In many Mediterranean areas, citrus orchards exhibit high soil loss rates because of the expansion of drip irrigation that allows cultivation on sloping terrain and the widespread use of glyphosate. To mitigate these non-sustainable soil losses, straw mulch could be applied as an efficient solution but this has been poorly studied. Therefore, the main goal of this paper was to assess the use of straw mulch as a tool to reduce soil losses in clementine plantations, which can be considered representative of a typical Mediterranean citrus orchard. A total of 40 rainfall simulation experiments were carried out on 20 pairs of neighbouring bare and mulched plots. Each experiment involved app…

Review of factors influencing the success or failure of biocontrol: technical, industrial and socio-economic perspectives

2010

Communication orale au 11. IOBC-WPRS Meeting of the working group "Biological control of fungal and bacterial plant pathogens". Climate change: challenge or threat to biocontrol?, 2010/06/07-11 ; Graz (AUT).; International audience; Although their role in plant health management is still quite modest, ever increasing expectations are placed on biocontrol agents for the complementation or replacement of pesticide use. Despite decades of research and more than 12,000 scientific papers on biological control of plant diseases, little more than 14 microbe-based commercial products are presently registered for use against diseases in the European Union. Through a review of published scientific li…

L'historique du tunnel sous la manche : une brève revue des contributions les plus marquantes

2014

The Channel Tunnel is the largest underground geotechnical project undertaken in Europe during the 20th century. There have been numerous proposals since the early 19th century, especially by Thomé de Gamond (1867), Potier and de Lapparent (1877), and Destombes and Shephard-Thorn (1971). This paper discusses the history of the most important geological investigations for the Channel Tunnel bored in the Lower Cenomanian Chalk Marl.

Genetic and phenotypic dissection of 1q43q44 microdeletion syndrome and neurodevelopmental phenotypes associated with mutations in ZBTB18 and HNRNPU

2017

Subtelomeric 1q43q44 microdeletions cause a syndrome associating intellectual disability, microcephaly, seizures and anomalies of the corpus callosum. Despite several previous studies assessing genotype-phenotype correlations, the contribution of genes located in this region to the specific features of this syndrome remains uncertain. Among those, three genes, AKT3, HNRNPU and ZBTB18 are highly expressed in the brain and point mutations in these genes have been recently identified in children with neurodevelopmental phenotypes. In this study, we report the clinical and molecular data from 17 patients with 1q43q44 microdeletions, four with ZBTB18 mutations and seven with HNRNPU mutations, an…

Investment Treaty Arbitration as Public International Law , written by Eric De Brabandere

2016

"Existence d'un différend et compétence ratione temporis du CIRDI : réflexions à propos de quelques décisions récentes"

2006

International audience

Cirdi, Chronique des sentences arbitrales

2011

International audience; Chronique portant sur l'arbitrage Cirdi en 2010. Cette chronique commence par une description de l'activité du Cirdi en 2010 : état des adhésions et dénonciations, nombre et nature des affaires enregistrées, des décisions et sentences rendues. Suit après un panorama faisant le point sur quelques questions d'actualité : -la dénonciation de la Convention de Washington et ses effets; -les demandes de récusation d'arbitres; -la compétence du Cirdi; -le recours en annulation contre les sentences Cirdi; -la détermination du droit applicable par les arbitres Cirdi. La troisième partie de la chronique est dédiée au commentaire plus approfondi de quelques décisions.

L'éducation comme investissement : la fin des illusions ?

1973

International audience

Analyse théorique de la demande d'éducation et optimisation de l'investissement éducatif

1973

International audience; Cet article cherche à expliquer la pluralité des comportements individuels en matière d'éducation. Celle-ci est traitée en tant qu'investissement ainsi que dans la théorie du capital humain. Cependant, la valeur de l'investissement n'est pas mesurée de la même façon suivant les caractéristiques socio-économiques du décideur en raison d'une part des imperfections dans le marché du capital et d'autre part, de l'incertitude sur les flux de coûts et des revenus associés au capital humain. En outre, des indicateurs d'efficacité de la planification sont suggérés.