Search results for "Individualism"

Incremental-Entity Personal Conceptions of Intelligence and Individualism-Collectivism in Italian Students

2015

This article examines the relationship between Incremental-Entity personal conceptions of intelligence and the cultural dimension of Individualism-Collectivism in Italian students attending high school. Four types of individualism and collectivism were investigated: 1) Vertical-Individualism, characterized by independent and different self; 2) Horizontal-Individualism, characterized by independent and similar self; 3) Vertical-Collectivism, characterized by interdependent and different self; and 4) Horizontal-Collectivism, characterized by interdependent and similar self. The sample includes 250 students,3th and 5th graders. A battery of tests including a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the…

Terrorism and the Allegory of the Lone Wolf: From 9/11 to COVID-19

2021

The lone wolf is a personality type that symbolizes individualism and a deep yet sometimes dangerous quest for self-search. At its very extreme, this search turns out to become hatred for anything that these wolves cannot identify themselves with. In this regard, even some societies are lone wolves. We have lone wolf groups, communities, societies, and even nation-states. By analysis, terrorists carry certain traits of lone wolves, although not every lone wolf would be(come) a terrorist. Some rather grow into hermits and saints. Globalization, a central theme of this book, has a lot to do with the development of the lone wolf trait the way we see it now. Instead of flattening the world’s cu…

The Quality of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX): a Multilevel Analysis of Individual-level, Organizational-level and Societal-level Antecedents

2021

Abstract We examine the direct relationships for both individual values and organizational-level culture on the quality of leader-member exchange (LMX) in a multilevel, multi-society study. In addition, we investigate the moderating roles of organizational- and societal-level cultures. Using 2343 respondents from 12 samples, we performed hierarchical linear modelling analysis and found that individual-level collectivism and organizational-level clan and hierarchy cultures were positively related to LMX, while individual-level individualism and organizational-level market and adhocracy cultures were negatively related to LMX. None of the organizational culture types or societal cultures had …

<i>The Machine in the Garden</i> in the 21st Century

2017

In this essay I will suggest Leo Marx’s debt to a style of thinking about technology which cuts against the grain of the liberal humanism and liberal progressive ideology that informs his writing. This style of thinking, associated with the word technicity, underscores the intimacy of our relation to technology. The Machine in the Garden insists that technology is a crucial aspect of our human nature—it encourages us to see that nature is inseparable from our technological condition. In this sense, the machine and the garden are confounded in Marx’s book. The book’s key themes and conflicts short-circuit the mission to promote the liberal individualist illusion of escape from the shaping fo…

La rationalité simonienne : interprétations et enjeux épistémologiques

1999

Since economics focuses on individual behaviour and implicitly adopt a methodological individualism, an individual rationality hypothesis must be laid down. Beyond the usual substantive rationality hypothesis, others forms of individual rationality can be found in economics theory. They are often related to the Simon's bounded rationality hypothesis. In the economics literature the meanings of the bounded rationality hypothesis are obviously diverse and sometimes based on a partial or superficial readings of Simon's writings. Moreover, each one of these meanings is implicitly closely linked with a particular methodological and epistemological position. Based on careful readings of Simon's w…

Domestic Homicide and Emotions from the Late Nineteenth Century to the 1920s

2020

Some scholars have suggested that a significant change in homicides and interpersonal violence occurred in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This new type of violence was characterised by strong feelings between the offender and their victim, and the change was connected to modernisation, changes in power balance between men and women, and individualism. Based on the Court of Appeal documents, we deduced that the murder of one’s spouse, father, or brother were the most prevalent homicides within families in Finland at the time. The Court documents, in conjunction with newspaper accounts, captured the trend of troubled family relationships and demonstrated that lethal family…

A test of the relationship between argumentativeness, individualism/collectivism, and conflict style preference in the United States and Finland

2016

This study explored relationships between argumentativeness and collectivism/individualism in Finland and the United States. Data were gathered in the United States (n = 412) and Finland (n = 261). The analysis suggested: (a) collectivism was negatively correlated with argumentativeness, (b) individualism was positively correlated with argumentativeness, and (c) Finnish participants reported lower levels of argumentativeness than Americans. Cultural differences between the United States and Finland are discussed as reasons for the differences between the nations on argumentativeness. peerReviewed

Elena Pulcini, La cura del mondo. Paura e responsabilità in età globale.

2010

Elena Pulcini offre in questo libro una Zeitdiagnose delle due patologie che caratterizzano l’età globale: l’ “individualismo illimitato”, che coinvolge la struttura antropologica dell’individuo, e il “comunitarismo endogamico”, che interessa le forme di costituzione del legame sociale. Una diagnosi accurata di tali derive patologiche della globalizzazione indica nella sfera emotiva una profonda scissione tra l’assenza e l’eccesso di pathos: questa è la premessa dell’intera indagine filosofico-sociale condotta dall’autrice, che si propone di affrontare il problema in termini normativi. Si presentano a tal fine i lineamenti di un “normativismo eretico”, che ponga in primo piano le motivazion…

"Las cooperativas deberían ser uno de los instrumentos más eficaces para que se organicen 'los mandatos'"

2009

Israeli Crowdfunding: A Reflection of Its Entrepreneurial Culture

2020

AbstractCrowdfunding has its roots deep in the Israeli entrepreneurship ecosystem. Its characterizing elements of—collective individualism combined with flat social hierarchies, low degree of separation, mandatory army service that enforces innovative thinking and improvisation, Chutzpah, and finally high tolerance for failure, all provide fertile ground for entrepreneurship and facilitate innovative approaches to entrepreneurship funding such as crowdfunding. In light of this, the growth of crowdfunding in Israel is not surprising. While the equity crowdfunding leads the field, rewards and donations platforms are more known and popular, indeed the brand name of the senior rewards and donat…