Search results for "Inequality"

2021

In recent decades, an essential global aim of the reforms of special education has been the promotion of inclusive education. This article discusses the implementation of reforms with a focus on tiered support systems in the context of Finnish comprehensive school education. Based on earlier literature, legislation, and administrative documents, we provide a background for Finnish education policy and special education reforms. The focus of this article is on the description of parallel reforms targeting the re-structuring of the systems around support for students and funding of education in the 2010s. We discuss the processes leading to these reforms and the reforms themselves. In additio…

Keeping Public Debt Sustainable in an Equitable Way

2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed over 5 million lives thus far. This grim figure would have been higher still without the strong and timely fiscal support provided by governments around the globe, including support for health sector and the development and deployment of vaccines. The IMF has noted that “in 2020, fiscal policy proved its worth. The increasing public debt in 2020 was fully justified by the need to respond to COVID 19 and its economic, social, and financial consequences” (Gaspar, 2021). How to keep debt sustainable is becoming a policy imperative, made all the more challenging by the lingering effects of the pandemic, particularly on low-income groups. In this article we summ…

Individualized versus fixed positive end-expiratory pressure for intraoperative mechanical ventilation in obese patients: a secondary analysis

2021

Background General anesthesia may cause atelectasis and deterioration in oxygenation in obese patients. The authors hypothesized that individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) improves intraoperative oxygenation and ventilation distribution compared to fixed PEEP. Methods This secondary analysis included all obese patients recruited at University Hospital of Leipzig from the multicenter Protective Intraoperative Ventilation with Higher versus Lower Levels of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Obese Patients (PROBESE) trial (n = 42) and likewise all obese patients from a local single-center trial (n = 54). Inclusion criteria for both trials were elective laparoscopic abdominal…

Authoritarian exclusion and laissez‐faire inclusion: Comparing the punishment of men convicted of sex offenses in England & Wales and Norway*

2021

Abstract: Comparative penologists have described neoliberal and social democratic jurisdictions as though they exist at opposite ends of a continuum of inclusion and exclusion, and as though neoliberal states are inactive and social democratic states are invasive. This article, which is based on more than 129 interviews with men convicted of sex offenses in England & Wales and Norway, uses Cohen's work on inclusion and McNeill's typology of rehabilitative forms to complicate this simplistic binary. It argues that the punishment of men convicted of sex offenses in England & Wales was demanding but exclusionary; it imposed strict legal restrictions on these men during and after their imprison…

phi-Best proximity point theorems and applications to variational inequality problems

2017

The main concern of this study is to introduce the notion of $$\varphi $$ -best proximity points and establish the existence and uniqueness of $$\varphi $$ -best proximity point for non-self mappings satisfying $$(F,\varphi )$$ -proximal and $$(F,\varphi )$$ -weak proximal contraction conditions in the context of complete metric spaces. Some examples are supplied to support the usability of our results. As applications of the obtained results, some new best proximity point results in partial metric spaces are presented. Furthermore, sufficient conditions to ensure the existence of a unique solution for a variational inequality problem are also discussed.

Harnack's inequality for p-harmonic functions via stochastic games

2013

We give a proof of asymptotic Lipschitz continuity of p-harmonious functions, that are tug-of-war game analogies of ordinary p-harmonic functions. This result is used to obtain a new proof of Lipsc...

A priori bounds and multiplicity of solutions for an indefinite elliptic problem with critical growth in the gradient

2019

Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb R^N$, $N \geq 2$, be a smooth bounded domain. We consider a boundary value problem of the form $$-\Delta u = c_{\lambda}(x) u + \mu(x) |\nabla u|^2 + h(x), \quad u \in H^1_0(\Omega)\cap L^{\infty}(\Omega)$$ where $c_{\lambda}$ depends on a parameter $\lambda \in \mathbb R$, the coefficients $c_{\lambda}$ and $h$ belong to $L^q(\Omega)$ with $q>N/2$ and $\mu \in L^{\infty}(\Omega)$. Under suitable assumptions, but without imposing a sign condition on any of these coefficients, we obtain an a priori upper bound on the solutions. Our proof relies on a new boundary weak Harnack inequality. This inequality, which is of independent interest, is established in the gener…

A note on the isoperimetric inequality

2003

We show that the sharp integral form on the isoperimetric inequality holds for those orientation-preserving mappings f ∈ W l o c n 2 n + 1 ( Ω , R n ) f\in W^\frac {n^2}{n+1}_{loc}(\Omega , \mathbb {R}^n) whose Jacobians obey the rule of integration by parts.

Asymptotic Behaviors of Solutions to quasilinear elliptic Equations with critical Sobolev growth and Hardy potential

2015

Abstract Optimal estimates on the asymptotic behaviors of weak solutions both at the origin and at the infinity are obtained to the following quasilinear elliptic equations − Δ p u − μ | x | p | u | p − 2 u = Q ( x ) | u | N p N − p − 2 u , x ∈ R N , where 1 p N , 0 ≤ μ ( ( N − p ) / p ) p and Q ∈ L ∞ ( R N ) .

A note on the dimensions of Assouad and Aikawa

2013

We show that in Euclidean space and other regular metric spaces, the notions of dimensions defined by Assouad and Aikawa coincide. In addition, in more general metric spaces, we study the relationship between these two dimensions and a related codimension and give an application of the Aikawa (co)dimension for the Hardy inequalities.