Search results for "Inequality"

Robust H∞ sliding mode control with pole placement for a fluid power electrohydraulic actuator (EHA) system

2014

Published version of an article in the journal: International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-5910-8 In this paper, we exploit the sliding mode control problem for a fluid power electrohydraulic actuator (EHA) system. To characterize the nonlinearity of the friction, the EHA system is modeled as a linear system with a system uncertainty. Practically, it is assumed that the system is also subject to the load disturbance and the external noise. An integral sliding mode controller is proposed to design. The advanced techniques such as the H ∞ control and the regional pole placement are employed to derive t…

Regional gender inequality in the Norwegian culture of equality

2014

Published version of an article in the journal: Gender Issues. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12147-014-9131-0 This research project has its origin in statistical findings indicating that there has been a long-standing regional variation in the attainment of gender equality in Norway whereby the southern region has been identified as the least gender-equal. This is likely to be caused by an interaction of economic, political and cultural structures. Nevertheless, the understanding of this phenomenon remains incomplete since the cultural dimension too often ends up as a residual category or a dependent variable. The project seeks to explore the cultural dime…

Generalized Quasi-Variational Inequalities and Traffic Equilibrium Problem

1995

The model that expresses the traffic equilibrium problem in terms of Quasi-Variational Inequalities is improved taking into account that: i) the cost function may be discontinuous; ii) the cost function may be considered as a multifunction. Existence theorems in such directions are given with examples and considerations, based on a direct computational method, that justify this approach.

Holder continuity of solutions for a class of nonlinear elliptic variational inequalities of high order

2001

Dual Inequalities for Stabilized Column Generation Revisited

2014

Column generation (CG) models have several advantages over compact formulations: they provide better linear program bounds, may eliminate symmetry, and can hide nonlinearities in their subproblems. However, users also encounter drawbacks in the form of slow convergence, also known as the tailing-off effect, and the oscillation of the dual variables. Among different alternatives for stabilizing the CG process, Ben Amor et al. [Ben Amor H, Desrosiers J, Valério de Carvalho JM (2006) Dual-optimal inequalities for stabilized column generation. Oper. Res. 54(3):454–463] suggest the use of dual-optimal inequalities (DOIs) in the context of cutting stock and bin packing problems. We generalize th…

How bright are the Nordic Lights? : job quality trends in Nordic countries in a comparative perspective

2017

Nordic countries stand out from the rest of the Europe in terms of job quality. Comparative research literature sought to explain the distinctiveness of Nordic countries with diverse sets of institutional frameworks. However, global competition, technological revolution and deregulation are common developments throughout the industrial world – processes which are seen to erode the meaning of institutions and nation states as protective mechanisms. This dissertation discusses the question on the existence and persistence of the Nordic working life model through the concept of job quality, which are investigated using surveys on working conditions. The study draws from both universal and inst…

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mobility in ten countries and associated perceived risk for all transport modes.

2021

The restrictive measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have triggered sudden massive changes to travel behaviors of people all around the world. This study examines the individual mobility patterns for all transport modes (walk, bicycle, motorcycle, car driven alone, car driven in company, bus, subway, tram, train, airplane) before and during the restrictions adopted in ten countries on six continents: Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa and the United States. This cross-country study also aims at understanding the predictors of protective behaviors related to the transport sector and COVID-19. Findings hinge upon an online survey con…

Beyond GDP: an analysis of the socio-economic diversity of European regions

2019

International audience; This paper aims to analyze the socioeconomic diversity of the European Union (EU-28) regions from a dynamic perspective. For that purpose, we combine a series of exploratory space-time analysis approaches to multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) applied to a large range of indicators collected at the NUTS-2 level for the period 2000–2015 for the EU-28. First, we find that the first factor of MFA, interpreted as economic development (ECO-DEV), is spatially clustered and that a moderate convergence process is at work between European regions from 2000 to 2015. Second, when comparing these results with those obtained for Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, we show that th…

Deskilling and decline in skill premium during the age of sail : Swedish and Finnish seamen, 1751–1913

2016

The study examines the evolution of skill premium and share at industry level in shipping during the age of sail. We argue that the period from the 1750s to the 1910s represented deskilling for the seamen working in sailing ships. The growth of international trade and shipping during the first era of globalization increased the overall demand for sailors but decreased the relative demand for skilled labor in favor of less skilled ones. This deskilling was associated with a decline in wage inequality, as the premium for high skilled seamen fell relative to mean wages in the shipping industry. The decline in skill premium may have facilitated the growth of trade and shipping, as the relative …

Comparing past and present wage inequality in two globalisation periods

2013

Abstract This paper compares past and present globalisation with an aim to highlighting the different factors that drove wage inequality then and those which are doing so now. We have constructed a ratio of wage inequality for 15 countries in the first period of globalisation (1870–1913) and the subsequent period of deglobalisation (1914–1930) and then compare this pattern to wage inequality in the 1980s and 1990s. We propose that the difference in wage inequality trends for the two globalisation periods is due to migration and institutional factors (education and labour market institutions). These factors offset the increase in wage inequality produced by globalisation and technological ch…