Search results for "Infant"
showing 10 items of 3339 documents
Human Upcyte Hepatocytes: Characterization of the Hepatic Phenotype and Evaluation for Acute and Long-Term Hepatotoxicity Routine Testing
2016
The capacity of human hepatic cell-based models to predict hepatotoxicity depends on the functional performance of cells. The major limitations of human hepatocytes include the scarce availability and rapid loss of the hepatic phenotype. Hepatoma cells are readily available and easy to handle, but are metabolically poor compared with hepatocytes. Recently developed human upcyte hepatocytes offer the advantage of combining many features of primary hepatocytes with the unlimited availability of hepatoma cells. We analyzed the phenotype of upcyte hepatocytes comparatively with HepG2 cells and adult primary human hepatocytes to characterize their functional features as a differentiated hepatic …
Simple dialkyl pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylates show in vitro and in vivo activity against disease-causing trypanosomatids.
2017
SUMMARYThe synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of some simple dialkyl pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylates (compounds 2–6) and their sodium salts (pyrazolates) (compounds 7–9) against Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis are reported. In most cases the studied compounds showed, especially against the clinically significant amastigote forms, in vitro activities higher than those of the reference drugs (benznidazole for T. cruzi and glucantime for Leishmania spp.); furthermore, the low non-specific cytotoxicities against Vero cells and macrophages shown by these compounds led to good selectivity indexes, which are 8–72 times higher for T. cruzi amastigotes and 15–113 tim…
Characterisation of CDKL5 Transcript Isoforms in Human and Mouse.
2016
Mutations in the X-linked Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-Like 5 gene (CDKL5) cause early onset infantile spasms and subsequent severe developmental delay in affected children. Deleterious mutations have been reported to occur throughout the CDKL5 coding region. Several studies point to a complex CDKL5 gene structure in terms of exon usage and transcript expression. Improvements in molecular diagnosis and more extensive research into the neurobiology of CDKL5 and pathophysiology of CDKL5 disorders necessitate an updated analysis of the gene. In this study, we have analysed human and mouse CDKL5 transcript patterns both bioinformatically and experimentally. We have characterised the predominant brai…
Tony DeCasper, the man who changed contemporary views on human fetal cognitive abilities
2017
Tony DeCasper, the man who changed contemporary views on human fetal cognitive abilities
Melatonin in Early Nutrition: Long-Term Effects on Cardiovascular System
2021
Breastfeeding protects against adverse cardiovascular outcomes in the long term. Melatonin is an active molecule that is present in the breast milk produced at night beginning in the first stages of lactation. This indoleamine appears to be a relevant contributor to the benefits of breast milk because it can affect infant health in several ways. The melatonin concentration in breast milk varies in a circadian pattern, making breast milk a chrononutrient. The consumption of melatonin can induce the first circadian stimulation in the infant’s body at an age when his/her own circadian machinery is not functioning yet. This molecule is also a powerful antioxidant with the ability to act on infa…
Do Brincar do Bebê ao Brincar da Criança: Um Estudo sobre o Processo de Subjetivação da Criança Autista
2018
RESUMO O brincar primitivo do bebê poderia nos revelar traços precoces de uma provável organização autística em curso na criança pequena? Em que medida o investimento do bebê face aos objetos do mundo externo e do ambiente poderia ser associado a suas primeiras experiências com o objeto materno? Tais questões são levantadas neste artigo, cujo principal objetivo é abordar o processo de subjetivação da criança autista a partir da correlação entre o brincar primitivo do bebê e o brincar simbólico da criança. Por meio de um estudo longitudinal de bebês com risco de autismo, constatou-se que, desde uma idade precoce, é possível detectar particularidades na maneira como eles investem e interagem …
In vitro antileishmanial activity of aza-scorpiand macrocycles. Inhibition of the antioxidant enzyme iron superoxide dismutase
2016
The in vitro leishmanicidal activity of a series of nine aza-scorpiand-like macrocycles, recently synthesized, was tested on Leishmania infantum, Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania donovani parasites, using promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes forms. The cytotoxicity of the tested compounds on J774.2 macrophage cells was also measured. Four of the tested compounds (1, 2, 8 and 9) showed selectivity indexes higher than those of the reference drug Glucantime for the three Leishmania species. Moreover, the data on infection rates and on amastigotes showed that compounds 1, 2, 8 and 9 are the most active against the three Leishmania species. The changes in the excretion product profi…
Age-dependent control of collagen-dependent platelet responses by thrombospondin-1 : Comparative analysis of platelets from neonates, children, adole…
2021
Platelet function is developmentally regulated. Healthy neonates do not spontaneously bleed, but their platelets are hypo-reactive to several agonists. The mechanisms underlying immature platelet function in neonates are incompletely understood. This critical issue remains challenging for the establishment of age-specific reference ranges. In this study, we evaluated platelet reactivity of five pediatric age categories, ranging from healthy full-term neonates up to adolescents (11–18 years) in comparison to healthy adults (>
The quality of life in girls with Rett syndrome
2016
Nowadays, quality of life is receiving an increasing attention in all scientific areas. Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurological development, affecting mainly females. The congenital disease affects the central nervous system, and is one of the most common causes of severe intellectual disability. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of RTT on the quality of life of people who are affected. Both parents of 18 subjects, all female, diagnosed with RTT, took part in the research. Quality of life was assessed using the Italian version of the Impact of Childhood Illness Scale. This scale consists of 30 questions that investigate the effect of illness on children, parents and families…
International working group identifies need for newborn screening for mucopolysaccharidosis type I but states that existing hurdles must be overcome
2018
Abstract Aim Mucopolysaccharidosis type I is a lysosomal storage disorder that can result in significant disease burden, disability and premature death, if left untreated. The aim of this review was to elaborate on the diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type I and the pros and cons of newborn screening. Methods An international working group was established to discuss ways to improve the early diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type I. It consisted of 13 experts in paediatrics, rare diseases and inherited metabolic diseases from Europe and the Middle East. Results It is becoming increasingly clearer that the delay between symptom onset and clinical diagnosis is considerable for mucopolysacc…