Search results for "Inflammation."
showing 10 items of 2627 documents
Correction: Recovery from Toxic-Induced Demyelination Does Not Require the NG2 Proteoglycan.
2018
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163841.].
Predominant role of NF-kappa B p65 in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation.
1998
NF-kappa B is a key transcription factor of lymphocytes and macrophages with important regulatory functions in the immune system and inflammatory processes. These functions are at least partially based on its ability to regulate the promoters of a variety of genes whose products, such as cytokines, adhesion molecules and acute phase proteins, are critical for inflammatory processes. In the present study, we describe a method to treat established intestinal inflammation by local or systemic application of antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides targeting the translation start site of the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B. Specific downregulation of p65 by administration of antisense phosphorothi…
HSP90 and HSP70: Implication in Inflammation Processes and Therapeutic Approaches for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms.
2015
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal stem cell disorders that lead to the excessive production of one or more blood cell lineages. It has been reported that, in most MPN, inflammatory cytokines are frequently increased, indicating that inflammation plays a crucial role in these disorders. Heat shock proteins (HSP) are induced in response to many stressful conditions from heat shock to hypoxia and inflammation. Besides their chaperone and cytoprotective functions, HSPs are key players during inflammation, hence the term “chaperokine.” Through their chaperone activity, HSP90, a stabilizer of many oncogenes (e.g., JAK2), and HSP70, a powerful antiapoptotic chaperone, tightly regulate …
Disulfide stress and its targets in acute pancreatitis
2014
Under physiological conditions, the balance between ROS production and removal properly maintains the intracellular redox-sensitive signaling as well as the appropriate status of protein thiols and disulfides. However, inflammation among other factors can modify this balance causing a rapid increase in intracellular ROS levels and hence thiol oxidation, eventually leading to oxidative stress. In the case of acute pancreatitis, both redox signaling and oxidative stress seem to contribute to the progression of the severe form of the disease. In this review we will focus on the reversible oxidation of protein cysteines during the course of acute pancreatitis. We describe disulfide stress in an…
Expression of cell adhesion molecules in inflammatory myopathies.
1995
We examined the expression of cell adhesion molecules in 25 cases of inflammatory myopathies. Inflammatory myopathies showed upregulation of adhesion molecules. ICAM-1 was strongly expressed on endothelial cells as well as on fibroblasts and infiltrating leukocytes while the expression of VCAM-1, similar in its distribution, was much weaker. A few muscle fibers in polymyositis revealed sarcolemmal labeling for ICAM-1. ELAM-1 showed only weak expression on vessels. The inflammatory cellular infiltrates contained varying amounts of cells bearing the VCAM-1 ligand VLA-4 and the ELAM-1 ligand SLeX as well as large amounts of cells expressing LFA-1 alpha and beta, ligands of ICAM-1.
Mast cells are crucial for early inflammation, migration of Langerhans cells, and CTL responses following topical application of TLR7 ligand in mice.
2007
Abstract Until recently, IgE-activated mast cells have been regarded merely as effector cells of adaptive immune responses, involved in allergic reactions and mucosal immunity to parasites. Herein, we report that murine dermal mast cells, activated by local administration of a cream containing the synthetic TLR7 ligand imiquimod, are essential to initiate an early inflammatory reaction. The mast-cell–derived cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β play an important role in this process. Furthermore, TLR7-activated mast cells are also able to promote the emigration of Langerhans cells, which partly depends on the expression of mast-cell–derived IL-1β. We have previously shown that TLR7 ligation enhances t…
Reciprocal IFN-gamma and TGF-beta responses regulate the occurrence of mucosal inflammation.
1997
The above new findings concerning the immunological mechanisms governing mucosa, immune responses and oral tolerance in TCR-transgenic mice, as well as those operative in mice with experimental colitis, greatly expand our understanding of the processes that normally control mucosal inflammation and possibly other types of inflammation as well (Fig. 1). They indicate that, in the nondiseased mouse, ingested proteins evoke a Th1-cell (IFN-gamma) response in the mucosal follicles that is quickly counter-regulated by induction of T-cell anergy/deletion, if this Th1-cell response is inhibited (experimentally by anti-IL-12), TGF beta-producing cells appear, and these are capable of active immune …
A central role for Notch in effector CD8(+) T cell differentiation.
2014
Activated CD8(+) T cells choose between terminal effector cell (TEC) or memory precursor cell (MPC) fates. We found that the signaling receptor Notch controls this 'choice'. Notch promoted the differentiation of immediately protective TECs and was correspondingly required for the clearance of acute infection with influenza virus. Notch activated a major portion of the TEC-specific gene-expression program and suppressed the MPC-specific program. Expression of Notch was induced on naive CD8(+) T cells by inflammatory mediators and interleukin 2 (IL-2) via pathways dependent on the metabolic checkpoint kinase mTOR and the transcription factor T-bet. These pathways were subsequently amplified d…
Human Siglec-10 can bind to vascular adhesion protein-1 and serves as its substrate
2009
AbstractLeukocytes migrate from the blood into areas of inflammation by interacting with various adhesion molecules on endothelial cells. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a glycoprotein expressed on inflamed endothelium where it plays a dual role: it is both an enzyme that oxidizes primary amines and an adhesin that is involved in leukocyte trafficking to sites of inflammation. Although VAP-1 was identified more than 15 years ago, the counterreceptor(s) for VAP-1 on leukocytes has remained unknown. Here we have identified Siglec-10 as a leukocyte ligand for VAP-1 using phage display screenings. The binding between Siglec-10 and VAP-1 was verified by different adhesion assays, and this…
Differentiation of Effector/Memory Vδ2 T Cells and Migratory Routes in Lymph Nodes or Inflammatory Sites
2003
Vδ2 T lymphocytes recognize nonpeptidic antigens without presentation by MHC molecules and mount both immediate effector functions and memory responses after microbial infection. However, how Vδ2 T cells mediate different facets of a memory response remains unknown. Here, we show that the expression of CD45RA and CD27 antigens defines four subsets of human Vδ2 T cells with distinctive compartmentalization routes. Naive CD45RA+CD27+ and memory CD45RA−CD27+ cells express lymph node homing receptors, abound in lymph nodes, and lack immediate effector functions. Conversely, memory CD45RA−CD27− and terminally differentiated CD45RA+CD27− cells, which express receptors for homing to inflamed tissu…